The Alcoholic Father Revealed in the Film, William Faulkner: A Life on Paper :: Faulkner Moses

The Alcoholic Father Revealed in the Film, William Faulkner A Life on PaperWhile listening to William Faulkners daughter, Jill, attempt to describe her fathers personality, I recognized the desire to defend and protect the memory of a provider who was ultimately unknowable to her. It seemed as if each phrase was tentatively verbalise as a way of avoiding being untruthful. Mostly, I recognized the inability to truly know an alcoholic parent.I repeat the word recognize intentionally. I lived with an alcoholic until I was ten. My stepfather had two personalities Nick and Earl. Earl was the soft-spoken, earnest hard worker. He was a log cutter for a company that supplied East Texas timber to the local anesthetic Georgia-Pacific Paper Mill. Each weekday morning he would arise before e actuallyone else, load and fire-up the small woodstove in the living room so that we would awaken to a tender house. By the time my mother aroused my brother and me at 6 a.m. for school, Earl was already gone to work. We would arrive home from school before he completed working and anticipate his return. We would listen for the sound of Earls work truck pulling into the yard and run to meet him on the porch. Earl would crouch to greet us and sometimes swing me into the air playfully. My brother and I would follow him into the house and compete to tell him about our school day, and when Earl found his spot on the couch, we would foster him unlace his work boots. He would pay us each a quarter for our deed. We would retreat to the yard to play or to our bedroom to watch television system while Earl took his evening bath and ate the dinner plate my mom had put aside for him. Nick usually emerged shortly after dinner. He drank pints of Canadian Whiskey from the bottle with the casual speed of a chain smoker. Nick spoke oftenin loud slurred sentences. His tone toward my mother became very disrespectful. Nearly every sentence began with bitch and was invariably decorated with multiple usage forms of mother fucker. He was not physically violent and posed no such threat. When my mother would tire of his barrage of accusations and complaints, she would sternly tell him to shut up. He would then stumble into their bedroom, fall across the bed fully dressed, and buy the farm into a stupor punctuated by his snore.

Microsoft Canada Executive Summary Essay examples -- Business Manageme

Microsoft Canada Executive SummaryMicrosoft Canada is preparing its marketing plan for the Xbox over the coming family. The Xbox was launched the previous family and smirched as the complete star sign entertainment solution combining video gaming, the Internet and videodisc playback. The Xbox is the most robust gaming console on the market, but faces stiff competition in its proceeds category.The Sony Playstation 2 is the market leader with over 50% of the console market. Microsoft also faces competition from Nintendo and their GameCube. Microsofts goal is to become the market leader in the category by dethroning Sony.In order to accomplish this goal Microsoft Canada must develop its marketing plan for 2002. Specifically, Microsoft must decide which target market to management their efforts on. Specifically, they need to decide whether or not to continue focussing their attention on the male 16-24 year old heavy gamer which is also the target component of Sony. Or, do they s hift their focus to the lighter user and try to develop a niche strategy. The backdrop of the targeting decision is how to federal agency the Xbox. Microsoft could choose to position the carcass simply as the most powerful gaming console avail suit fitted, or they could also choose to focus on the complete functionality of the harvesting including online gaming and videodisc playback.Considering the various opportunities and challenges, Microsoft should continue to focus its campaign on the heavy male user since this demographic are typically the trendsetters when it comes to the industry and are best render to appreciate the gaming advantages of the arrangement.By targeting this segment while focussing marketing efforts on the superior technology of the product along with the online gaming functionality, Microsoft should be able to differentiate itself from the Playstation by offering gamers a more technologically advanced gaming system with an online gaming feature not availa ble from Sony.Problem rumorMicrosoft is faced with a key decision on how to market the Xbox product in the second year of its launch in Canada. Specifically, Microsoft needs to determine how to position the Xbox and which market segment they should target. The goal is to gain market share versus their competitors and most specifically Sony. Once positioning and target market are determined, Microsoft Canada must accordingly(prenominal) decide ... ...The backdrop of all the marketing efforts must be the positioning of Xbox as the most robust gaming system along with the online gaming functionality. Advertisements presentation males of the target age playing online from different locations with each would be a key message.In store demos at the various retailers, especially over the holidays should be a priority. Since purchase after trial is highest, this needs to be a core tenet of the marketing plan. The holiday season, as mentioned, is key. So during September to December, ad vertise spending and frequency in all aspects should be at its highest level. Double the advertisements at the very least should be considered. Furthermore, continued bundling with other retailers is other(prenominal) key strategy. Microsoft could also consider bundling services closer to the holiday season such as free membership to the Xbox.ca Gamers Zone for a year with the purchase of an Xbox to drive sales, and further promote the online abilities of the system.The end result, if the campaign is successful is that consumers will see the key benefits/differentiators of the Xbox versus Playstation and will choose to purchase the superior product . Microsoft Canada Executive Summary Essay examples -- Business ManagemeMicrosoft Canada Executive SummaryMicrosoft Canada is preparing its marketing plan for the Xbox over the coming year. The Xbox was launched the previous year and positioned as the complete bag entertainment solution combining video gaming, the Intern et and DVD playback. The Xbox is the most robust gaming console on the market, but faces stiff competition in its product category.The Sony Playstation 2 is the market leader with over 50% of the console market. Microsoft also faces competition from Nintendo and their GameCube. Microsofts goal is to become the market leader in the category by dethroning Sony.In order to accomplish this goal Microsoft Canada must develop its marketing plan for 2002. Specifically, Microsoft must decide which target market to focus their efforts on. Specifically, they need to decide whether or not to continue focussing their attention on the male 16-24 year old heavy gamer which is also the target segment of Sony. Or, do they shift their focus to the lighter user and try to develop a niche strategy. The backdrop of the targeting decision is how to position the Xbox. Microsoft could choose to position the system simply as the most powerful gaming console available, or they could also choose to focus on the complete functionality of the product including online gaming and DVD playback.Considering the various opportunities and challenges, Microsoft should continue to focus its campaign on the heavy male user since this demographic are typically the trendsetters when it comes to the industry and are best supply to appreciate the gaming advantages of the system.By targeting this segment while focussing marketing efforts on the superior technology of the product along with the online gaming functionality, Microsoft should be able to differentiate itself from the Playstation by offering gamers a more technologically advanced gaming system with an online gaming feature not available from Sony.Problem contentionMicrosoft is faced with a key decision on how to market the Xbox product in the second year of its launch in Canada. Specifically, Microsoft needs to determine how to position the Xbox and which market segment they should target. The goal is to gain market share versus their comp etitors and most specifically Sony. Once positioning and target market are determined, Microsoft Canada must then decide ... ...The backdrop of all the marketing efforts must be the positioning of Xbox as the most robust gaming system along with the online gaming functionality. Advertisements demonstrate males of the target age playing online from different locations with each would be a key message.In store demos at the various retailers, especially over the holidays should be a priority. Since purchase after trial is highest, this needs to be a core tenet of the marketing plan. The holiday season, as mentioned, is key. So during September to December, advertisement spending and frequency in all aspects should be at its highest level. Double the advertisements at the very least should be considered. Furthermore, continued bundling with other retailers is another key strategy. Microsoft could also consider bundling services closer to the holiday season such as free membership to the Xbox.ca Gamers Zone for a year with the purchase of an Xbox to drive sales, and further promote the online abilities of the system.The end result, if the campaign is successful is that consumers will see the key benefits/differentiators of the Xbox versus Playstation and will choose to purchase the superior product .

gatjay Romantic Jay Gatsby of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Romantic Jay Gatsby of The Great Gatsby           Doesnt it always seem as though enough and famous people atomic number 18 larger-than-life and virtually impossible to touch, almost as if they were a fantasy?  In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays Jay Gatsby as a Romantic, larger-than-life, imagine by setting him apart from the common person.         Fitzgerald sets Gatsby in a fantasy world that, based on illusion, is of his own making.  Gatsbys possessions start to this illusion.  He lives in an passing lavish mansion.  It is a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a keep down beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool, and more than forty acres of lawn and garden.  (5) It models an extravagant castle with a European style.  Indoors it has Marie Antoinette music-rooms and restoration salons.  (92)  at that place is even a Merton College Library, paneled with imported carved English oak and thousands of volumes of books.  (45)  There is even a private beach on his property.  He in any case has his own personal hydroplane.  Gatsby also drives a highly imaginative, circus wagon,  car that everybody had seen.  It is a rich cream color with nickel and has a three-noted horn.  (64)  It has a monstrous length with triumphant hat-boxes, supper-boxes, tool-boxes, and terraced with a labyrinth of windshields and a green leather conservatory.  (64)         Amidst Gatsbys possessions, he develops his personal self.  His physical self appearance sets him apart sorting the other characters.  His smile is the type that comes across four or five times in life.  One of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it.  (48)  He has a collection of tailored shirts from England.  They are d escribed as shirts of sheer linen and thick silk and fine flannel.  He has shirts with stripes and scrolls and plaids in red coral and apple-green and lavender and faint orange, with monograms of Indian blue. (93)  Gatsby wears a unique gorgeous pink rag of a suit that sets him apart as a bright spot.  (154) Gatsbys mannerisms are different too.  He gives the strong impression that he picks his words with care.  Gatsby is an elegant young roughneck

How We Got The King James Version :: essays research papers

The ability pile variation has become so sanctified by time and use that to many people it has come to be regarded as the Bible. Our slope Bible pack I was born in 1566 and died in 1625. He belonged to the House of Stuart along with all the other Kings of Scotland and a hardly a(prenominal) from England. mob I became the King of England when Elizabeth I, his cousin, died. This happened in the year 1603. When he took over the English potty, he was also the King of Scotland and traffic patternd under the name of King James IV. He ruled both England and Scotland until he died. Charles I, Jamess son, was the successor to both of the thrones. James believed in the divine right of kings, the ability to rule as a king from divinity fudge, not the people. James had many thing named after him, and Jamestown is probably the most famous other that the King James Version of the Bible.James, formerly receive as King James VI of Scotland, is accredited with this version of the translati on of the Bible. Around 1603, James came to England for the reason of succeeding Elizabeth in the throne and became King James I. As soon as he arrived in England, the Hampton Court Conference was held for the reason to hear of the problems of the church. This conference failed its purpose, but one of the surpass translations of the word of God came from it. John Reynolds, president of Corpus Christi College, was the sole motivator for this new translation and he was the one that got King James to start on the translation. His immediately got James attention and he soon started the translations soon after There was one stipulation that James had and it was that there be no notes in the margins of the new book. He found all those notes to be untrue and dangerous to kings.Within Six months the general plans were drawn up and ready to be carried out. James had had to choose scholars that he thought were trustworthy and ready for the task ahead. His original list consisted of 54 of the se scholars. Before it was over with, this list had dwindled down to 47. The reason for the slump in account was because of death and also some of the scholars withdrew from the work. Now that all these men had been chosen, they had to be dived up into teams.How We Got The King James Version essays research document The King James Version has become so sanctified by time and use that to many people it has come to be regarded as the Bible. Our English BibleJames I was born in 1566 and died in 1625. He belonged to the House of Stuart along with all the other Kings of Scotland and a few from England. James I became the King of England when Elizabeth I, his cousin, died. This happened in the year 1603. When he took over the English throne, he was also the King of Scotland and ruled under the name of King James IV. He ruled both England and Scotland until he died. Charles I, Jamess son, was the successor to both of the thrones. James believed in the divine right of kings, the abili ty to rule as a king from God, not the people. James had many thing named after him, and Jamestown is probably the most famous other that the King James Version of the Bible.James, formerly know as King James VI of Scotland, is accredited with this version of the translation of the Bible. Around 1603, James came to England for the reason of succeeding Elizabeth in the throne and became King James I. As soon as he arrived in England, the Hampton Court Conference was held for the reason to hear of the problems of the church. This conference failed its purpose, but one of the best translations of the word of God came from it. John Reynolds, president of Corpus Christi College, was the sole motivator for this new translation and he was the one that got King James to start on the translation. His immediately got James attention and he soon started the translations soon after There was one stipulation that James had and it was that there be no notes in the margins of the new book. He foun d all those notes to be untrue and dangerous to kings.Within Six months the general plans were drawn up and ready to be carried out. James had had to choose scholars that he thought were trustworthy and ready for the task ahead. His original list consisted of 54 of these scholars. Before it was over with, this list had dwindled down to 47. The reason for the drop in number was because of death and also some of the scholars withdrew from the work. Now that all these men had been chosen, they had to be dived up into teams.

The Narrative Technique of Faulkners Absalom, Absalom! Essay -- Absal

The Narrative Technique of Faulkners Absalom, Absalom Guilt should be viewed through the eyes of more than one person, Confederate or otherwise. William Faulkner filters the story, Absalom, Absalom,through several minds providing the reader with a dilution of its representation. Miss Rosa, frustrated, lonely, mad, is unable to answer her own questionsconcerning Sutpens motivation. Mr. Compson sees much of the evil and theillusion of romanticism of the evil that moody Southern ladies into ghosts.Charles Bon and Henry Sutpen are evaluated for their motives through QuentinCompson and Shreve McCannon. Quentin search to evade his awareness, Shreve theoutsider (with Quentins help) reconstructs the story and understands themeaning of Thomas Sutpens life. In the novel Absalom, Absalom, a multiple instinct technique is used to reassess the process of historicreconstruction by the narrators. Chapter one is the scene in which Miss Rosa tells Quentin about theearly long time in Sutpens life. Its here that Rosa explains to Quentin why she cute to visit old mansion on this day. She is the one narrator that is unableto view Sutpen objectively. The first chapter serves as merely an introductionto the history of Sutpen based on what Miss Rosa heard as a child and her briefpersonal experiences. The narration of Absalom, Absalom, freighter be considered a coded activity.Faulkner creates the complex narration showtime at chapter 2. It ironic thatone of Faulkners greatest novels is one in which the author only appears as the fibber of the story in one brief slit The details of the heros arrival,Thomas Sutpen, i... ...orical knowledge (Connelly 12).Works CitedAswell, Duncan. The Puzzling Design of Absalom, Absalom Muhlenfeld 93-108Bloom, Harold, ed. Absalom, Absalom Modern Critical Interpretations. NewYork Chelsea. 1987.Connelly, Don. The history and Truth in Absalom, Absalom NorthwesternUniversity, 1991.Faulkner, William. Absalom, Absalom New York Vintage, 1972Levins, Lynn. The quadruple Narrative Perspectives in Absalom, Absalom Austin Uof Texas, 1971.Muhlenfeld, Elizabeth, ed. William Faulkners Absalom, Absalom A CriticalCasebook. New York Garland, 1984.Rollyson, Carl. The Re-creation of the Past in Absalom, Absalom MississippiQuarterly 29 (1976) 361-74Searle Leroy. Opening the admittance Truth in Faulkners Absalom, Absalom Unpublished essay. N.d. The Narrative Technique of Faulkners Absalom, Absalom Essay -- AbsalThe Narrative Technique of Faulkners Absalom, Absalom Guilt should be viewed through the eyes of more than one person,southern or otherwise. William Faulkner filters the story, Absalom, Absalom,through several minds providing the reader with a dilution of its representation. Miss Rosa, frustrated, lonely, mad, is unable to answer her own questionsconcerning Sutpens motivation. Mr. Compson sees much of the evil and theillusion of romanticism of the evil that turned Southern ladies into ghosts.Charles Bon and Henry Sutpen a re evaluated for their motives through QuentinCompson and Shreve McCannon. Quentin attempt to evade his awareness, Shreve theoutsider (with Quentins help) reconstructs the story and understands themeaning of Thomas Sutpens life. In the novel Absalom, Absalom, a multipleconsciousness technique is used to reassess the process of historicalreconstruction by the narrators. Chapter one is the scene in which Miss Rosa tells Quentin about theearly days in Sutpens life. Its here that Rosa explains to Quentin why shewanted to visit old mansion on this day. She is the one narrator that is unableto view Sutpen objectively. The first chapter serves as merely an introductionto the history of Sutpen based on what Miss Rosa heard as a child and her briefpersonal experiences. The narration of Absalom, Absalom, can be considered a coded activity.Faulkner creates the complex narration beginning at chapter 2. It ironic thatone of Faulkners greatest novels is one in which the author only appears as the teller of the story in one brief section The details of the heros arrival,Thomas Sutpen, i... ...orical knowledge (Connelly 12).Works CitedAswell, Duncan. The Puzzling Design of Absalom, Absalom Muhlenfeld 93-108Bloom, Harold, ed. Absalom, Absalom Modern Critical Interpretations. NewYork Chelsea. 1987.Connelly, Don. The History and Truth in Absalom, Absalom NorthwesternUniversity, 1991.Faulkner, William. Absalom, Absalom New York Vintage, 1972Levins, Lynn. The Four Narrative Perspectives in Absalom, Absalom Austin Uof Texas, 1971.Muhlenfeld, Elizabeth, ed. William Faulkners Absalom, Absalom A CriticalCasebook. New York Garland, 1984.Rollyson, Carl. The Re-creation of the Past in Absalom, Absalom MississippiQuarterly 29 (1976) 361-74Searle Leroy. Opening the Door Truth in Faulkners Absalom, Absalom Unpublished essay. N.d.

The Narrative Technique of Faulkners Absalom, Absalom! Essay -- Absal

The Narrative Technique of Faulkners Absalom, Absalom Guilt should be enamoured through the eyes of more(prenominal) than unity person,southern or otherwise. William Faulkner filters the story, Absalom, Absalom,through some(prenominal) minds providing the reader with a dilution of its representation. Miss genus Rosa, frustrated, lonely, mad, is unable to answer her own questionsconcerning Sutpens motivation. Mr. Compson sees much of the evil and theillusion of romance of the evil that turned Southern ladies into ghosts.Charles Bon and Henry Sutpen ar evaluated for their motives through QuentinCompson and Shreve McCannon. Quentin attempt to evade his awareness, Shreve theoutsider (with Quentins help) reconstructs the story and understands themeaning of Thomas Sutpens life. In the novel Absalom, Absalom, a multipleconsciousness technique is used to reassess the process of historicalreconstruction by the narrators. Chapter one is the scene in which Miss Rosa tells Quentin to the highest degree theearly days in Sutpens life. Its here that Rosa explains to Quentin why shewanted to visit old mansion on this day. She is the one narrator that is unableto view Sutpen objectively. The first chapter serves as merely an introductionto the news report of Sutpen based on what Miss Rosa heard as a child and her brief individualised experiences. The narration of Absalom, Absalom, can be considered a coded activity.Faulkner creates the difficult narration beginning at chapter 2. It ironic thatone of Faulkners greatest novels is one in which the author except appears as theteller of the story in one brief section The details of the heros arrival,Thomas Sutpen, i... ...orical knowledge (Connelly 12).Works CitedAswell, Duncan. The Puzzling Design of Absalom, Absalom Muhlenfeld 93-108Bloom, Harold, ed. Absalom, Absalom Modern diminutive Interpretations. NewYork Chelsea. 1987.Connelly, Don. The History and Truth in Absalom, Absalom northUniversity, 1991.Faulkner, Willia m. Absalom, Absalom New York Vintage, 1972Levins, Lynn. The Four Narrative Perspectives in Absalom, Absalom Austin Uof Texas, 1971.Muhlenfeld, Elizabeth, ed. William Faulkners Absalom, Absalom A CriticalCasebook. New York Garland, 1984.Rollyson, Carl. The deflexion of the Past in Absalom, Absalom MississippiQuarterly 29 (1976) 361-74Searle Leroy. Opening the Door Truth in Faulkners Absalom, Absalom Unpublished essay. N.d. The Narrative Technique of Faulkners Absalom, Absalom Essay -- AbsalThe Narrative Technique of Faulkners Absalom, Absalom Guilt should be viewed through the eyes of more than one person,southern or otherwise. William Faulkner filters the story, Absalom, Absalom,through several minds providing the reader with a dilution of its representation. Miss Rosa, frustrated, lonely, mad, is unable to answer her own questionsconcerning Sutpens motivation. Mr. Compson sees much of the evil and theillusion of romanticism of the evil that turned Southern ladies i nto ghosts.Charles Bon and Henry Sutpen are evaluated for their motives through QuentinCompson and Shreve McCannon. Quentin attempt to evade his awareness, Shreve theoutsider (with Quentins help) reconstructs the story and understands themeaning of Thomas Sutpens life. In the novel Absalom, Absalom, a multipleconsciousness technique is used to reassess the process of historicalreconstruction by the narrators. Chapter one is the scene in which Miss Rosa tells Quentin about theearly days in Sutpens life. Its here that Rosa explains to Quentin why shewanted to visit old mansion on this day. She is the one narrator that is unableto view Sutpen objectively. The first chapter serves as merely an introductionto the history of Sutpen based on what Miss Rosa heard as a child and her briefpersonal experiences. The narration of Absalom, Absalom, can be considered a coded activity.Faulkner creates the complex narration beginning at chapter 2. It ironic thatone of Faulkners greatest novels is on e in which the author only appears as theteller of the story in one brief section The details of the heros arrival,Thomas Sutpen, i... ...orical knowledge (Connelly 12).Works CitedAswell, Duncan. The Puzzling Design of Absalom, Absalom Muhlenfeld 93-108Bloom, Harold, ed. Absalom, Absalom Modern Critical Interpretations. NewYork Chelsea. 1987.Connelly, Don. The History and Truth in Absalom, Absalom NorthwesternUniversity, 1991.Faulkner, William. Absalom, Absalom New York Vintage, 1972Levins, Lynn. The Four Narrative Perspectives in Absalom, Absalom Austin Uof Texas, 1971.Muhlenfeld, Elizabeth, ed. William Faulkners Absalom, Absalom A CriticalCasebook. New York Garland, 1984.Rollyson, Carl. The Re-creation of the Past in Absalom, Absalom MississippiQuarterly 29 (1976) 361-74Searle Leroy. Opening the Door Truth in Faulkners Absalom, Absalom Unpublished essay. N.d.

Do young people enjoy life more than older people do?

Some people may think that ripened people enjoy intent more than than young people do. However in opinion, young people enjoy lifetime more than older people do. Young people passion and energy argon enough to enjoy life more than older people do. The reasons of it are that they do non collect to be responsible for numerous tasks, that they are much(prenominal) more energetic than the elderly, and that they mess get familiar with new technologies even faster than old people. First of all, young people do not have much responsibility compare to older people.For example, older people have responsibility to take care of their children, to earn money, to complete their work, etc. These responsibilities make them peculiar(a) to enjoy their life. Moreover, whenever they try to do something to enjoy life they prefer their childrens favor first, like to travel where, to choose which movie, to come together with my friends and their mother. These all make the life less enjoy up to(p ) thing. On the other hand, young people do not have these responsibilities they are free to choose from variety of options to do for enjoying their life.They can meet with their own friends, and they can go most recent and famous movie. These show us that young people enjoy their life more than older people do. Additionally, young people have more energy to do anything. In contrast, older people usually suffer from some disabilities by the quantify is passing. For example, my friend and I have lived in same apartment for about ten years and usually we tried to come together whenever we found some free time. And every time we went different places, and tried new things. Sometimes, our parents were the ones who planned and scheduled the vacation.Unfortunately, they were less powerful and active than we were, which forced our decision for changing correspond to our parents situation. We had great time, and enjoyed of course. However, our parents were sorry to not be able to do every thing that they used to do it before. Hence, we see that by the time our enjoying life terms will tack up to our ages. And we think that we should go, try and see as much as we can do while we are still young, otherwise we will not be in proper health condition to do whatever we want.Lastly, young people enjoy life more than older people because of the world that they can easily follow the technology compare to the older people. And technology is one of the most enjoyable things in our life. For example, we are using social media, kinds of coating to be more connected to our friends. The more connection creates more friendship. And the more friendship means more enjoyable life. However, older people can besides connect with their friends with traditional method which is only couple friends.As a result of this, young people can more enjoy life than older people. To sexual union up, there is a huge difference between young and older people to enjoy their life. Of course, the olde r people can also enjoy their life according to their new age. However in some point, they feel that they are not able to do everything they want, and in this manner they feel little boundary surrounding them. They might not feel fully enjoyed life like in their young age. On the other hand, young people can able to enjoy life by being less responsible, more energetic and more following up new things.

Paul Krugman,The Conscious of a Liberal

In this book The conscious of a Liberal Paul Krugman talks about the long gilded while that started from the 1870s until the colossal depression in the 1930s. He shoes that on that point was a period of a huge inequality in prosperity and in power, where a purportedly a democratic political system didnt succeeded to show the sparing interests of the majority. He said that the largish power of America was all utilized to def annihilate retention interests and there had been an unsuspecting approval and acceptance of a conservative beliefs that any effort to help the batch who have fewer fortune would guide to an economic disaster.He talked about the distribution of incomes in the 1920s, where if the capital gains were excluded we would have that the highest 10% in income was receiving 43. 6% from the final income, while the highest 1% in the income was receiving the 17. 3 %. The strange topic is that in 2005, the income allocations facts were so similar to those of the 1920s. He also mentioned that the great Depression destroyed the gilded age, and he talked about the reforms of Franklin Roosevelt, where the most rich of the 0.1% possessed more than 20% of the states richness in the 1929, however only 10% in the middle of the 1950s. Krugman talked about the new deal that taxed away the gargantuangest part of their revenues and earnings jibeing that the blue apprehensiveness employees benefits the most from this. Paul Krugman talked also about the new division of richens called The Great Compression that picked up a big number of Americans from the urban slum and from the arcadian deficiency into owning houses and extraordinary comfort.When Roosevelt took the power, the postwar of the middle class culture and society has arose in a small period of time. The New Deal of Roosevelt was accepted by the republican Eisenhower but the rejection during this period of presidency was by some republicans that didnt accept the liberalism of Eisenhower. Krugman de scribed in his book that when Eisenhower was advocating on the virtues of the toned- down up to date Republicanism, there was a latest type of conservative that started to appear. They captured themselves as some strangers facing organizations and institutions.He added that in the 1964, a union of conservative protestors held control of the Republican National conclave and selected Barry Goldwater for presidency. The presidency of the NIXON was from the point of view of Krugman an evolution period instead of a victory for the new conservatism. As mentioned in the book, in the 1980s, there was a big victory for the New Conservatives, and economics were victories by the new conservatives. These principles maintained without proof that tax cuts would pay for themselves.Krugman wrote that in the execution of the conservative political authority, the economists started to document a slight increase in inequality but most of the Americans noticed just a little or none of the economic gro wth. He add that, if growth in productivity had been consistently common across the work force, then the usual workers income should be 35% superior instantly than what it used to be in the beginning of the 70s. Krugman sum up announcing that for those who they call themselves liberals are in real sense conservatives, whereas those who consider themselves conservatives are mostly in deep radicals.Finally, he said that liberals wish and desire to return to the middle- class society where he grew up in and for those who call themselves conservative, they desire to go back to the gilded age ruining a century of history. From my point of view, I would like to support Krugman in some major points that what brought the US to here is mostly two big hold fasts the first one is an economic puzzle of why it is that weve come to an intra second gilded age, and how is that the inequality has increased as much as it has? and the second puzzle is a political one where the political system has b een largely responsible for the basis of the second gilded age and where people were heart and the most fibrous one had benefit on the less powerful.Also, the thing that made me support mostly Krugmans point of view was that statistics and numbers showed that typical families arent emend off now than what they was in the early 1970s. Its true that the inflation is now higher a little bit than before but its mainly because of the working spouses and because how much people are working harder now.And from another hand, it was easier in the 1973 to feel that childrens were getting a decent education and the inequality in schools has increased greatly. The economy in the 1973 was actually good while there was no computers, no internet, no fax machines etc. so what I want to prove is that now, USA is normally in a more productive and more rich than before but we are not sure the typical family has gained anything.The reason is that all or nearly all of the gain got to the small group of people who are in the top. Some said that this is all because of education, it is true that people with good education did better than people without but if you think from another side, that all teachers and high class managers have mainly the same type of degrees (minimum masters degrees) but at the end one of the high class managers could have a salary of a bunch of teachers you can understand more the point of view mentioned above.So mainly, what I would aggrandise is that the middle class society was a political creation that didnt just happened gradually and was achieved politically by the new deal Last but not least, most of people would tell you that from another hand that disasters of the economy could increase the inequality, but the post war generation had in fact the best 25 years of the US of any economy could ever had and even though all the different advanced countries that approach globalization and technological development, Uniquely Americans faced a second gi lded age, so this assure one thing in my opinion and its that the gilded age is due to a political creation and system.

Discuss the dramatic significance of Hamlet Scene 1 Act 1 Essay

The play Hamlet was written in tempestuous times for England. There was death caused by The Plague and distress was rampant. Much importance surrounded the outward support of the monarch, Elizabeth. During her reign, religion caused divisions and factions of the Protestant church considered the theatre as sinful, amoral perhaps. In his plays, Shakespe are uses his empathizeing of humanity to entertain by addressing love, power, loyalty, honour and friendship. These values address unchanging aspects that touch us even today.Hamlet is intended to portray the importance of the monarchy and the insecurity make outd by the threat of a foreign invasion the message being that anything can happen to anyone. This then is the underlying setting of the theme for Hamlet taking place on a dark winter night, creating suspense, intrigue and providing entertainment to an otherwise deprived auditory modality. In the opening, Act 1 and mount 1 of Hamlet, the playwright, William Shakespeare, use s several outstandingal devices to influence the labours conceptions, behaviour and attitude towards the play this is known as psychological interview manipulation.Shakespeare cleverly uses one dimensional characters to deliver background information to the audience in a more than entertaining style. The setting the guard platform of the Castle, on a dark, wintry wintry night at midnight but intensifies the dramatic effect. Whos there? and Quiet guard these statements imply a foreboding. Immediately the audience is captivated, particularly when one associates midnight with evil. The statements Tis now struck twelve and Bitter cold further add to the dramatic mood that is being created.Franciscos admission I am sick at heart has a negative connotation, suggesting feelings of uneasiness. Bernardos reply Bid them make haste he is obviously scared of something. A reference to loyalty to the Sovereign follows, Friends to this ground and Liegemen to the Dane- here Shakespe are uses a manipulative technique to address the importance of remaining patriotic an aspect of life everyone can identify with. Again it is suggested that they are engulfed by darkness and they can exactly see that which is really close up to them A piece of him.By extending his hand, Horatio reassures the guards that he is a friend not a foe. There are inauspicious undertones at the outset of the scene, which effectively serve to introduce the tenor of the play. Despite this, there is a hint of humour and sarcasm by Horatio What, has his thing waitd again to-night? An air of intrigue is created by this it is not known what it is is actually being referred to. It is Marcellus who then goes on to explain to the audience what Horatios views are And will not let belief take hold of him this means that he will not allow himself to believe anything of a supernatural nature.He has been invited to see if This apparition come, but remains unyielding in his opinion Tush, tush twill not appear. Bernardo tries to convince Horatio, Again besiege your ears. Another example is That are so fortified against our story. Here he is openly addressing Horatios incredulity on the subject of the spectre. Bernardo recounts how the tincture appeared and that the Yond kindred star was in the same place, when it had originally appeared, adding to the drama and heralding its reappearance. An essentially frightened audience is introduced to the apparition. Like the King thats dead.Even the originally speculative Horatio is outwardly scared now, raising the intensity of the drama. It harrows me with fear and wonder he uses strong language. It therefore fell upon Horatio, who was encouraged by the other guards, to address the Ghost in order to attest that this spectre was real. The well spoken Horatio, the scholar states What art thou that usurpst this time of night by this he suggests that the Ghost has upset the peace of the night and has taken That fair and warlike form . By this reference, the audience is psychologically manipulated into feeling admiration for the dead king.He further challenges By heaven I charge thee, speak The scene continues and Horatio admits to believing because he has seen with the True avouch of mine own eyes. Horatio recalls the previous employment with Denmark and Norway this is political propaganda, which is the strong theme for the play, providing essential background information. This also casts a positive reflection of the previous king When he the ambitious Norway combated this already gives the audience a positive reflection on the deceased King, as we are told of his bravery, He smote the sledded Polacks on the ice. It also suggests that the king may have some spare business and that is why he has returned as the Ghost three times. Horatio warns the audience that This bodes some strange eruption to our state, moreover, this is a exemplification of the inevitability that Denmark may be on the brink of war. T here are other suggestions of this Daily cast of brazen cannon. This infers that people are working round the clock. All this creates a intellect of apprehension. Shakespeare attempts to draw a parallel with ancient Rome Horatio now eloquently delivers his views and this has a religious connotation.Examples of this are made by In the most gamy and palmy state of Rome and Was sick almost to doomsday with eclipse and As harbingers preceding still the fates. The conjecture here is that the Ghost is the forerunner of what is in time to come and also is connected with the Bible, as was prophesised that Christ would come to judge the living and the dead. This is effective use of imagery and is symbolic would most certainly create a growing sense of fear in the audience. Another biblical reference with far reaching effects is The cock crows this suggests betrayal and moreover, And at his warning is ominous.There is dramatic impetus by Horatio and he uses aggressive language on the Gho sts reappearance Ill cross it, though it burgeon forth me. Stay illusion. He asks If thou art privy to thy countrys fate- can the Ghost share a secret, any light on what lies ahead for Denmark? Despite the audience not having being introduced to Hamlet, we are psychologically manipulated into feeling sorry for him and empathise with him. In the indirect reference made to him we understand that Horatio suggests that they tell young Hamlet of the appearance of the Ghost.We learn that there is staunch support for Hamlet As needful in our loves, fitting our duty? In the space of a few days, sadly, his father has passed away The majesty of buried Denmark . His rightful inheritance has been taken from him So by his father lost which suggests that he is in mourning and This, I take it is the main motive of our preparations to take back that which was theirs. This automatically gives the audience someone to support and root for in girlish Hamlet as the play unfolds and we learn more of his personal story. This is linked to another theme that the audience can identify with family values.The element of mystery and foreboding are inherently present in Act One, Scene One and is further personified in the form of an apparition, This apparition come. The contemporary audience that this was aimed at, being more religiously aware than the public nowadays, would have been fearful of the spectre and would have made links to the devil and hell, gaining the audiences full attention. By the bedspread of its arms, it has connotations to Jesus Christ, creating a sombre aura. They are encouraged to believe that the Ghost is an omen That this portentous figure, is a sign that they are ready for battle.Essentially, the mood further reflects insecurity as Denmark may be on the verge of war. A clever technique Shakespeare uses serves to encourage loyalty to the monarch at the time, dogged live the King. Therefore, he has put his political views forward successfully and with di scretion. The Ghost exits, leaving everyone none the wiser as to the reason for its apparition. The first Act and Scene allows for speculation and would have created a sense of dramatic anticipation, keeping the audience on the edge of their seats, ready to see what will ensue in the adjacent scene.

Should Doctors Help Patients Die?

Physician aid death has always been a controversial unblock in the United States that rough view as a moral, ethical, religious, and legal issue. In either discussion slightly physician assisted suicide it is in-chief(postnominal) that the terminology is clear. Physician assisted death is the procedure that a patient exposes as a result of the voluntary ingestion of a fatal sexually transmitted disease of medication that a physician has prescribed for that purpose. Assisted death is distinguished from euthanasia in that it necessarily involved an individual who is capable physically of fetching his or her life-time and does so with means provided by a nonher person.Physician assisted death was legalized through Oregons death with Dignity bring in 1994 and enacted in 1997. This act allows terminally ghastly patients to obtain and drop prescriptions to self-administer lethal doses of medications. Although it is st badly r be in the state, between fourteen and forty-six mu ckle die each year by physician assisted death (PAD). Oregons shoemakers last with Dignity carry allows us to evaluate the law assessing the arguments towards whether or not physician assisted death should be legalized.Most of Oregons wellnesss professionals may agree with the patients request but they lack intimate knowledge on their values and reasoning for their choices. The organization, Compassion and Choices of Oregon, is dedicated to expanding the choices at the conclusion of life, and offers guidance and support to those who qualify for physician assisted death. Compassions and Choices of Oregon, evaluates feedback from family members to obtain information on why they felt their family members decided to fulfill their PAD request.According to families results, with the top median score, the most principal(prenominal) reasons patients pursued PAD request, patients treasured to control the circumstance of death and die at home, they worried about loss of dignity, future loss of independence, quality of life, and self- cope ability. Ganzini, Goy, & Dobscha propose if there is better end of life care in homes helping patients maintain control, independence, and self-care in a home environment this may be en notionive means of addressing some serious request for physician assisted deaths.Interventions can help patients determine if they can deal with symptoms and stag them feel more comfortable helping them to make their decision. Some argue that patients are depressed lack social support, and vulnerable groups turn to PAD as their only last option. Although the Death with Dignity Act empowers individuals to control the timing of their death, physician assisted death still remains a controversial topic in todays society that raises numerous ethical questions. Choosing their circumstances of death.The Oregon act went through many obstacles when implementing the law to make safeguards to ensure that the law provides requirements so that it provide not be abused. A major concern is about laws allowing physician assisted death is that they would open floodgates of pile requesting such assistance, therefore causing a slippery slop effect. The Health Division Report indicated that in 1998,23 people received such prescriptions, 15 of whom used them in hastening death during a person in which more or less 28,900 people died in Oregon. These numbers suggest that only an extremely small percentage of people (. 5% or 5 people in 100,000) who dies in Oregon received assistance under the act. (Batavia, 2000). Patients who are applying for the use of physician-assisted death bequeath put on to follow strict regulations and have physicians, therapist, and family members consent to the choice of the patient. every(prenominal) patients and health care professionals have to commit that they will be in full compliance with the law and follow the procedures. Debates over the PAD also oftentimes warn of a slippery slope predicting abuse of vulnerable groups such as poor people, minorities, premier(prenominal) gear, women, and uninsured individuals.Depression can often develop among terminally ill patients when they start to loss their ability to care for themselves. According to Gazini, Goy, & Dobscha (2007) study on family members show no indication that the desire for hastened death has no association with depression or depression disorder. Oregons law requires that the patients must have a mental health evaluation to make certain that they are not suffering from any mental illnesses. Battin, et at, (2007) research the different vulnerable groups showing that there is no heightened risk among uninsured people, women, elderly, poor, and low educational status. Terminally ill college graduates in Oregon were 7. 6 times more likely to die with physician assistance than those without a high school diploma. The research is completed among people living in the Netherlands and Oregon where physician assisted death i s legal and practiced. From data of patients over the geezerhood they show no increase among requests among vulnerable groups. unrivaled of the most obvious arguments is that health care providers are supposed to save livesnot issuing them. (de Vocht & Nyatanga, 2007). The Hippocratic bane is one of the oldest documents that are still consecrate by physicians.It was created to ensure that health care professionals would treat the ill to the best of their abilities, protect the privacy of their patients, and teach the secrets of medicine to future generations. I will use those dietary regimens which will benefit my patients according to my greatest ability and judgment, and I will do no harm or injustice to them. The Hippocratic oath is a doctors contract, in other words this statement can be interpreted as do not harm. Helping a patient take their life is a contradicting question if physicians are violating the Oath.Is a doctor assisting harm on a patient if they tell apart physician assisted death? Or is it causing harm to a patient to keep them alive suffering if they wish different? Nurses witness firsthand the devastating effects of debilitation and heartrending disease that are often confronted with the despair and exhaustion of patients and families and at times, it may be difficult to find s balance between the preservation of life and the facilitation of a dignified death (ANA, 1994) Terminally ill patients are given medication to treat and relieve them from the pain of the illness.Patients go through the stages of disease that health care professionals do not have medications that will relieve them of all their symptoms, pain, and harm, but they do have medications they will allow patients to end the harm and choose their death. Physicians have the chasten to administer medications to allow patients chose their death. Increased doses of controlled substances allows the patients to die at peace and the way they choose instead of suffering in the last phases of life. The Hippocratic oath also allows health professionals to use their judgment when treating patients.Under the Oregon Death with Dignity Act physicians have to sign off that the patient is suffering and terminally ill, if a doctor feels that they can preserve the life of the patient they have the right to use their judgment to refuse to participate in the PAD. This is their moral right to decide if they are willing to prescribe medications to a request PAD patient if it is legal in the state. This is a time where physicians need to know how to teddy their focus from quantity, to quality of life(LaDuke, 2006).Health care professionals should not feel quality for completing the desires of patients and doing their job. Ganzini, Goy, & Dobscha, (2007) purpose that if clinicians should focus on improving end of life care addressing worries and apprehension about the future with the goal of reducing anxiety about the dying process. Addressing patients concerns we can create interventions to help along the process. In contrast, patients who request Death with Dignity are already in high-quality palliative care. We assume they hospice programs have little to do with the patients assisted death choice.Most patients have already made up there minds whether they have been in hospice care or not. Although hospice care can improve ones quality of life, it still does not c accruee the patients choosing their circumstances of death. By any standard the first year of the Oregon Death and Dignity Act would be considered a success. This success has made other states look into legalizing physician-assisted death. In 1997, the salute case upper-case letter v. Glucksberg decided that Oregons Death with Dignity Act would go into effect. El nonetheless years later others states followed the suit, through different approaches. In 2008, Washington voters adopted a right to die initiative and a Montana judge ruled that individuals had the right to hasten thei r death under the states constitution. (Kirtley, 20011). Supporters of the Washington Death with Dignity Act organized a committee of supporters. This committee felt their chances of success were good because of similar demographics in Oregon and Washington. The eleven years between the passings of Oregons Act allowed people of Washington consider the facts and make their own approach to the purposing of the Act.Novembers 2008 Washington voters approved the Death with Dignity Act, and people claimed other states would fall like dominoes. Following in Washingtons footsteps, a month later Montana legalized hastened death. The Montana Supreme flirt ruled on December 31, 2009 that nothing in the state constitution prevented patients from hastening their deaths and gave doctors the right to prescribe lethal medications. Americans now have more options for dying than they did in 1997. We know have Hospice, Palliative care, hysicians can legally pursue aggressive pain management, and sta tes can now pass aid in dying laws. Patients may discontinue life-sustaining therapies, or voluntarily stop eating and drinking as a natural part of the dying process, and lethal prescriptions. Most important we are allowing patients to have choices to allow them to deal with their end of life care and how they wish to die. In the book Narrative Matters there is a story about a young doctor Alok Khorana who is coming to the end of his shift after working long hours to save up time for her wedding the next day.Alok is approach with a tough situation when Mr. Kohl comes in one of his patients and has to consider end-of-life decisions. Mr. Kohl her patient is a 53 year old white male, Vietnam veteran, steel plant worker, smoker, lung cancer, that has failed ii different chemotherapy regiments and his last few scans have shown and impressive disease progression. Mr. Kohl had attended a doctors appointment and the doctor noted shortness of confidential information and the need of urge nt hospital care. In medical terms this means it is basically better of that he would die in the hospital and should have been on hospice care.Alok is trying to talk the man into considering a DNR and let him know that this he might not make it much longer than a day or two. Mr. Kohl does not have any children and just has a wife named Ann. As much as Alok tries to convince Mr. Kohl to consider DNR he will not even consider it because he promised Ann he would not go without seeing her. They monitor him for a few hours trying to keep him as pain free as he can. The nurses and staff let the man know that there will not be a lot they can do for him with all of his health conditions and him suffering from pneumonia.They provide him with information about DNR and how they think it will be his best choice. He will not give in and says he is not giving up he told him wife he will do everything he can. After some time Mr. Kohls lungs begin to collapse and he is hooked up to a ventilation ma chine to help his lungs work correctly. As his wife Ann is on her way he than is given the option to be administered enough oxygen to keep him a live without a machine for a little longer. Mr. Kohl knows what is about to happen to him, and how his medical condition cannot be reversed.He decides to hang on and do what ever he can for the love of his wife. He promised her he would be able to see her before he goes, and than he will be ready to die. Although Mr. Kohl did not receive a physician assisted death procedure, he shares a lot of the same concerns that was researched for why patients decide when they are ready to die. Mrs. Kohl finally shows up to the hospital clasps his hands tightly, the heart monitor machines are shut off, and the morphine is administered for comfort. Mr. Kohls breathes start to slow down and he drifts into sleep.Alok the doctor on duty witnessed a powerful life story that night on her shift. On his way home the day before her uniting she looks over Mr. Ko hls struggle to hang on for life. Although he was aware of his conditions and that he will not make it much longer he precious the comfort of his wife. Alok realizes that after years of struggles with his soon to be wife one day when he is dying, she will come in and tell him its OK to die. He will listen, and it will be okay. For many patients who consider physician-assisted death there main reasons are to control there situation of death.Mr. Kohl was so persistant on not choosing DNR because he just wanted to control his situation and wanted his wife to be on his side. Once she was there he made his decision and he than was ready to go. Physician assisted death will always be a contradicted topic when discussing the tampering of a human life, but it is present that this Act has had no present negative effects. When laws are set up to assist patients desires to choose the end of life care, physicians should feel they are following patients request and their job, they have the right to help patients choose their death.Legalization has to protect both of the rights of terminally ill patients who wish to die, and patients who do not. This will always be a sensitive that will differ with each state exploring the aspects of moral, ethical, and legal concerns. Work Cited Ganzini, L. , Goy, E. , & Dobscha, S. (2008). Why Oregon patients request assisted death family members views. diary Of General Internal Medicine, 23(2), 154-157. Battin, P. M. , Heide. A. , Ganzini, L. , Wal, G. , Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B. P. (2007) Legal physician-assisted dying in Oregon and the NetherlandsEvidence concerning the Impact on Patients in Vulnerable Groups. Journal of Medical Ethics,33(10), 591-597. Batavia, A. I. (2000). So far so good Observations on the first year of Oregons Death with Dignity Act. Psychology, Public Policy, And Law, 6(2), 291-304. Mathes, M. (2004). Ethics, law, and policy. Assisted suicide and nursing ethics. MEDSURG Nursing, 13(4), 261-264. Howard, R. J. (2006 ). We Have an Obligation to Provide Organs for Transplantation After We Die. American Journal Of Transplantation, 6(8), 1786-1789.

Police Personality Revision Essay

A good police work lies on the concept of their personalities pickings into consideration their traits hand in hand with their socializations and experiences. These decisive factors basically comprise what ideal personality of a police is necessary in sanctify to all exemplify their tasks. Perhaps, it is imperative to give emphasis on the notions of police character to give a strong hold on this subject matter. At whatsoever rate, there were instances that conflict arises as police render their services. Part of this reflected broader social conflict over the just and equal distribution of opportunities and legal protections to all battalion other sources of conflict included disparities between the symbolic role of the police, everyday social expectations about police services and behavior (Vila & Morris, 1999).There is indeed a unique trait that flows in the blood of every police such as dedication, bravery, and conviction. The uniqueness of polices trait can never be gamble aw ay. Polices compassion to the welfare of their people is on top priority. They are willing to surrender even their own lives in order to defend the people. It is tough but they chose to risk everything for the sake of their profession. Thus, this is the genius that fulfills their personality to serve the people at all costs.On the other note, socializations and experiences are all-important(prenominal) tools to be able to epitomize their character properly. Apparently, the police needs to know how to communicate with the people as well as to know how to address their demands in order to properly portray their roles. Socialization and experience are indispensable contrivance that makes the attitude of a police. They will be able to serve pertinently due to the fact that they have enough experiences. What is important about socialization, then, is that people learn to behave according to the expectations of their culture and transmit that way of life from one generation to the next (Kenney & McNamara, 1999).Weighing these two elements that encompass the personality of a police, it is on a original note that their unique traits make them more authorized on their chosen field. It is in these traits also that they detached their profession far beyond all other field. The profession is a moral unit positing certain values and ideals which guide its members in their dealings with laymen. This guide may be a set of unwritten norms transmitted through the professional educational dust or it may be codified into written canons of professional ethics (Glenn et al., 2003). Certainly, as they socialized and experienced a lot of circumstances, it all boils down on having a good persona unique trait which make them build rapport with a lot of people in town and which also gives them the dress for the people to respect them and their line of work.ReferenceGlenn, Panitch, Barnes Proby, Williams, Christian, Lewis, Gerwehr & Brannan (2003). Training the 21st Century Poli ce Officer Redefining Police Professionalism for the Los Angeles Police Department. RandKenney, dennis Hay & McNamara, Robert P. (1999). Police and Policing Contemporary Issues. PraegerVila, Bryan & Morris, Cynthia (1999). The fiber of Police in American History. Greenwood Press

Business leadership: Skills that Take to be a Good Leader

People often refer to acceptership as a skill that a certain psyche has. It is a kind of skill in which a particular mortal can make other race follow him without skepticism. However, if leadership is properly defined, it is a process of accomplishing things through a individual who deviates people to work and deliver what it is that is to be delivered. In addition, since non all in all goals that be set leave alvirtuoso be achieverful, leadership is an adventure. In reaching goals, the somebody leadership moldiness think of various ways to accomplish all the things that they want to accomplish for there be times that they leave alone fail due to an erroneous decision, or an error on the method or approach that they employ. When they fail, they atomic number 18 back to the starting tear and will work on again by analyzing what went wrong and by formulating a new plan minus all the points that caused their failure on their firstborn trial.Nowadays, people should be f ully aw are of the definition of leadership since this is particularly crucial and very prominent in every setting from school, workplace, government, among others. However, there are still people who are not familiar about(predicate) what leadership really is as said before, it is regarded as a skill that one receive that is why a particular person can make other people follow him of her. Moreover, it is assumed to be a quality or character of a person. Only a lesser portion of the population pick outs that leadership is a process that requires several skills and specific qualities from a certain person in cabaret for him to be fit to influence the people who works under him towards the achievement of a goal.Anyone can become a leader middling as long as they develop the skills that are infallible moreover, anyone can lead even though they are not the president of the country, a coach of the squad or a captain of a ship. In other wrangling, anyone can be a leader when the situation calls for him or her to lead others. You do not need any drearge or a prestigious office in auberge to be a leader. However, if you are a leader you are not similar to a boss in every sense. Bosses are usually cutn to be the people who always boss others and push people around. In contrast, if you are a good leader, you are not doing these things to the people under you. Then again, a leader and boss may be identical if the latter does things by influencing empowered and effectual people.Leadership can take place anywhere and one particular venue is in the business sector. In separate for a certain business to work and succeed, there should be a number of people who will exert effort and do all the needed actions and taxs. However, these people will not be capable to work in a proper manner without someone who will lead them otherwise, each would full do everything in his own way. Business leaders or owner leaders should lead them on the right track on the way t o success he should provide everything that his team or employees will need, and also offer responsibility. The leaders view of his employees will affect the decisions to be made throughout the process of accomplishing the goals, they should be aware of the responsibilities that they need to fulfill the kind of responsibilities that employees are expecting to be fulfilled by their leader.A leader in a business establishment, analogous any other leader, has to deal with two things the job at hand and the group he should lead. These two aspects are essential in the process of leading a business entity if there is a group but there is no job, a leader is not needed. The case is the same if there is a job but there is no group to carry it out. The leader can also only tell if he led in a right way if they got the job do and, at the same time, the group is still held together. If the job was done but the group was dissolved, the accomplishment and success are both useless because the leader who took charge of the job was not a good leader. Any person who wants to be a good leader should know that getting the job done is not the only thing that matters.When it comes in being an effective leader in the business sector, one should spend a penny the grave leadership skills, namely honesty and integrity, competence and believability, forward looking and visionary, inspiring and motivating, and good communication skills. These flipper sets of skills are very significant in come through in any organization, wether the team is within the business arena or not.Honesty meaning to be true and impudenceworthy and integrity which connotes acting in a just and honorable manner are very essential skills in being a leader. Your team should be able to trust you because without trust zip will be accomplished. Trust is the key to any effective employer-employee relationship. In addition, all your actions must be logical and rational, not based on propensity and sudden o utburst of emotion but on the principles that you believe in. Though being honest, most of the times, cause trials to the person who practices it, it is better to be truthful all the way so that your team will trust and follow you for they will believe that all you will say are true whether those words are positive or not. For an instance, if an employee delivers an unsatisfactory job, you should tell him in all honesty that you are expecting or needing something more that what he had presented. While the employee may feel bad the criticism may help him do things better, and will contribute to having a quality result in the end.The next set of skills are competence and credibility competence talks about being appropriate to a certain job or task while credibility refers to being reliable and trustworthy. If a person wants to be a leader, he or she should be competent to lead other people he or should fork up the capacity to influence and change over the team about the things to do and the decisions to be made. Being a leader demands a lot of responsibility and comes with a lot of pressure, a person in night club to lead must be able to keep his composure whenever the situation gets out of hand and stressful, otherwise, he, along with the team, will go downhill.In addition, this person should move over all the abilities, experience and expertise to lead, these factors will lead to being trustworthy for when the people he or she will lead decide that he or she knows what he or she is talking about and he or she has the full grasp of the goal and all the situations then they can trust him to lead them. Just like when reading a book about new innovations in the medical world, people will only buy and believe it if the person who wrote it is an expert. In as similar vein, a leader should have enough background about the task at hand so that the people will see if he or she definitely knows what he or she is talking about as a subject matter expert.Thirdly, a l eader should be forward-looking which means he or she should has his or her eyes on the things that might take place in the future, this is a necessity in order for the leader and the team to be prepared and alert of what is to come whenever they make a decision. The leader should be the first to see the consequences of each of their actions and consequences in order to vitiate mistakes and failures he should evaluate and study every situation and option presented to him or her carefully before choosing and making a final decision. Additionally, being a visionary is also meaning(a), with this characteristic, a leader has a specific and precise vision of what he wants in the future, it is here that the goal is formulated and this vision is what will keep them on track. If the leader has a vision to have his company the leading business firm in the country, all of his actions, decisions and moves will all be towards this vision, without any kind of vision, then there is no goal at h and to be achieve thus, there is no reason to work at all.Subsequently, a leader should be inspiring and motivating. Inspiration and demand are two alpha factors in order to have a drive to work, a leader should inspire and motivate his team to work for the goal they want to achieve. An effective leader should not only give his or her team the things they have to do but also the reason why they should do them, he or she should provide them the purpose of their tasks and, of course, their goal. Inspiration and motivation are very important each and every one of us an athlete cannot get himself to perform his best when he lost his motivation and a writer would not be able to write a bestselling novel without any inspiration. As a leader, you should remind your team to believe in themselves, this also means that you must have the drive, determination and spirit for these are what you need to motivate them.Last but not the least is that a leader must have good communication skills. In order to lead, a leader must communicate to his team for that is the only way for him or her to deliver them the instructions, to give them inspiration and motivation, to be honest to them, to convince them that he is credible to lead, and to share to them his vision. Good communication skills and leadership go on together, if you can be a good communicator, you will be able to express yourself very well, both thoughts and feelings. You have to establish good and effective communication with your team in order to convey not only words but also meanings. In addition, if you become an effective communicator, you will be able to project a confident and sincere image that people likes to see in a leader. You should maintain good communication with your team otherwise, you and each of your employees will draw into isolation which will bring negative effects on the business because it can cause in making wrong decisions.In the next four or five years, I would want to develop these skills in order to contribute to my success, particularly, honesty and integrity, competence and credibility, and good communication skills. These three set of skills are, in my opinion, the most essential in becoming an effective leader, for that reason, these are the skills that I will focus on developing in the next four to five years. Honesty and integrity are very important because it is through these that trust can be build and establish. Developing honesty is not easy because humans are subject to lie most of the time intentionally and circumstantially due to their nature.One particular reason why we lie is because we do not want others to be abide that is why we resolve to saying white lies, however, in the business realm, these lies and other kind of lies should be avoided because covering negative things with such will affect the result of the job. In order for me to develop honesty, I must learn to say truthful things and also learn the proper way to address them especially t hose negative matters so that people would not be hurt and for them to see for themselves the aspects that they could work on the aspects they should work on. On the other hand, to develop integrity, I should learn to focus on my principles and be able to control myself in order to act rationally not based on my impulse and sudden emotional outburst. Through this, I will be able to avoid acting unjust and harsh towards other people.The next competence I want to develop is competence and credibility. To develop these two, I must gain a lot of experiences in order to expand my competencies and credibility. I must learn to take responsibility for a lot of things, and to handle different kinds of situation and, as well as, pressure in order for me to be considered as competent. In addition, I should acquire the necessary qualities and attributes such as charisma, communication skills, confidence, and responsibility to be competent enough to be a leader. On the contrary, in order to be c redible, I need to study the things I need to learn regarding the task at hand, since I am planning to enter business, I must equip myself with the appropriate knowledge on how the business world works and about the certain business I would enter to so that my team will look at me in a way that I perfectly know what I am talking about and what I want to happen.Lastly, I would want to develop my communication skills because I believe that communication is the most important thing between the relationship of an employer and an employee. Without good communication skill, I would not be able to convince them to work for me, I would not be able to share them my vision and the plans that I have in order to achieve our goals, and I would not be able to tell them what I have in mind or if they are doing the right thing. It is only through communication that will I be able to inspire and motivate them to do the things we have to do. Most relationships fail due to lack of good communication, which is why for me this is the most essential skill in becoming an effective leader.My team should always learn me out in reminding them of our goals and in briefing our plans. Without communication, they would not do the things they have to do and worse, they will just move according to their own way. If that happens, the job would not be accomplished and the group will not stay intact. The process of leadership can only be considered a success if the job was done and the group still stays together as a cohesive team.Some of the most influential leaders in the history have all the five important leadership skills, especially the three that I have chosen. Queen Elizabeth II of the Great Britain held the British monarchy and institution with a steady hand which is why they remained solid throughout the time she was placed in the throne, she understood the needs of reforms and even opened her accounts to the public in order for them to see that they are one with the people when it c omes to decreasing the costs of their lifestyle.Then there is also Arnold Schwarzenegger who was elected as the governor of California, people may raise their eyebrows or have already increase them when he ran and won the election, but he is a visionary and this was evident on the economic policies that he have imposed on California in order to reduce the effects of global warming, he is also the one responsible in restoring the states environment he have cut down the pollution in air and water, and even restored the habitats for the animals. All these measures were done for his vision of making California acquire electricity on natural sources like wind, biomass and cheerfulness by the year 2020.Likewise is in the case of President Hu Jintao of China, who aims to get through the economic and social tensions rising in the country that was brought by the countrys growth for he wants to build a society living in harmony. He was the one responsible of Chinas rapid growth in the int ernational world economically he also radiates an aura of a knowledgeable, intelligent and confident leader. Also, if there is anyone who had a lot of pressure and stress in leading, it could be Mayor Michael Bloomberg of New York City who needed to rebuild the city that never sleeps after the unforgettable nightmare of 9/11 this is what competency is about.While in the world of business, Bill Gates, co-founder of Microsoft from the year 1975, dominated as the worlds most influential business leader. He has the kind of determination that he used in his leadership that led to the change of the face of programming and information technology. Dropping out of Harvard University did not seem to become a waste as he is now one of the worlds richest men. And there is also Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple, who is responsible for todays most hyped gadgets.Being a leader is not unattainable for anyone of us, we may be born with the potential leadership skills, and all we have to do is to dev elop them to become an effective leader. The five sets of skills I have discussed are really important to become an effectual leader. Leaders should be honest to everyone including himself he should have integrity, the competencies and credibility to become one. He should provide inspiration and motivation to give his followers the drive to work. He should be forward-looking and should be a visionary to be prepared and focus of the future. Lastly, he should be a good communicator to convey all of these to his team. Being a political leader or a business leader necessitates all these skills one may just need to adapt ones focus as applicable in the setting where one is expected to lead.

Harmful Effects and Implications of Accent Discrimination

Harmful personal effects and implications of accent discrimination Harmful effects on ESL learners As concluded by Munro (2003), accent discrimination has played a negative effect on many situations. Some of the nigh common cases include discrimination in hiring process, in employment, and even resulting in harassments. As a harmful result, sanction language users argon facing negative forces that may cause them to question beyond the expose. One example is these learners get pop up questioning their own characteristics.Aspects such as skin color, dress, and other behaviors fall into the category, and soon, these second language users will show decrease in self-esteem, questioning if the issue is more(prenominal) than just accent. When this happens, most batch with low confidence and unwilling to gift issues, will chose to avoid situation that requires oral communications, resulting the stage of avoiding contact with native speakers. The second stage starts when these low s elf-esteem learners seek companion.And because their lack of effort in talking with their ESL teachers, it is more likely that they find people with similar situations. These second language learners, who have experienced accent discrimination, will form a self-protective group. internal this group, they are free to communicate in their first language and regain self-confidence. Unfortunately, as a result, they begin losing interest in improving their English and snap their social lives within the group. This derriere be summarized as lose of motivation.If no one interferes with this group of people, sooner or later, the group of people will start to feel isolated and disconnected with the native Canadians, leaving the accent discrimination issue unsolved, and even causing reversed effects, such as hostility and more discrimination towards the nation. This is the end of the cycle where people lose faith in believing Canada is an equal opportunity solid ground that welcomes diver sified culture. As we can see, the issue has turned from an accent level into a national prejudice level.Implication Despite some people are experiencing the process described above, more and more people with accent issues are taking their stairs to reduce the problem. To speak with a more accurate and understandable language, many learners are investing both their while and money so they might have a better future. Over the past few years, enrollment in classes that help reduce accent has change magnitude significantly (Gorman, 2007). In some situations, poor second language speakers are being placed responsible for their oral English ability.In the US, it is consider that graduate instruct assistants must achieve a certain level of proficiency in spoken English, as this is a developing policy by the Institutions of higher statement (Thomas, 1993). For some institutions, teaching assistants with low oral English teaching skills are required to first successfully complete course s in English before they can serve as a teaching assistant. According to Statistic Canada, it is predicted that a steady increase in the number of immigrants to this country will occur throughout the decade. By 2006 there are over 1. 4 million Chinese in Canada (Stat. ca, 2006). The size is projected to double within 20 years. As Canada becomes a globalized country with increasingly multicultural exposure, the notion of an accent may change and increase in types. As a nation, only by becoming increasingly happy in our ability to understand English spoken with various accents and be warm in attitudes toward all accents, can we live up to the reputation of accept diversity. Communication is a two-way process. Both the speaker and the listener have a responsibility for the act of communication.While different or unconnected accents can sometimes interfere with the listeners ability to understand the message, accents can conjure up negative evaluations of the speaker, reducing the li steners willingness to accept their responsibility in the communication process. Sometimes, it becomes easy to say, I plain cant understand you, placing full responsibility for the communication process on the speaker. We all have standards and preferences about the spoken language and certain accents can take more effort to understand.It is to be hoped, though, that we can make an effort to hear the content of the message and look beyond the stereotypes associated with the way the message is being spoken. Friedman (2004) suggests several steps for ESL teachers when working with someone who is difficult to understand. First, dont pretend to understand. Ask the person to slow down a bit because you are having difficulty understanding them. Second, dont rush. Slow down yourself. Third, resist the temptation to shout. The speaker is not hard of hearing. Fourth, avoid being rude. Ask for help from others if you need it.As a global citizen, we interact with newcomers to the communities, with businesspersons from around the globe, and with individuals and families who are at various stages in the process of developing Standard English speaking skills. I believe respect for diversity can be extended over language and speech. Modeling supportive behavior ourselves is an important step. Further, we can encourage others to confront the stereotypes and prejudices that are often associated with specific speech patterns. - Bibliography Friedman, N. (2004).How to handle foreign accent. Networking Today. Retrieved Nov 3, 2012, from http//www. networkingtoday. ca/articles/foreignaccent. htm Gorman, A. (2007). Accenting the American in their speech. Los Angeles Times, Retrieved Nov 3, 2012, from http//mobile. latimes. com/detail. jsp? key=57283&rc=null&p=1 Munro, M. (2003). A primer on accent discrimination in the Canadian context. TESL Canada Journal, v20, n2, p38-51 Thomas, C. F. , & Monoson, P. K. (1993). Oral English language proficiency of ITAs Policy, implemen tation, and contributing factors. Innovative Higher Education, 17 (3), 195-209.

Apes to Man (Reaction Paper) Essay

IntroductionPlanet of smell Apes to Man is narrated by Stacy Keach, presented by Disco genuinely Channel. A must see docu manpowertary regarding the Theory of Evolution. primitively produced for Discovery Channel, each episode covers a separate chapter in the biography of the world. This episode examines the development with the enforce of com alloter animation. The film talks a one shot how apes corresponding Lucy, who is known to be a three billion year old ape that walkwayed upright or with two legs and revolutionized or grew and changed into one of the modern men and women who populate the world in every continent, nation and city today. The first stage in evolution is walking upright or with two legs just like Lucy did. The second is having the ability to announce or drag divers(prenominal) kinds of sounds. This is the cause of the straightening of the spine which allows the neck to follow for them to be able to utter.Summary unrivalled hundred million years ago, dino saurs walked the earth. They no longer exist today because of the asteroids that hit their home and at last killed all of them. The earth, after some time, regained its life forces because some small creatures that got through the great tragedy thatput an end to the era of the dinosaurs. One of those creatures that survived were the purgatorious, one of earths oldest primates that may consider evolved end-to-end the agesA new era of animals rose to the occasion to a new beginning and to starting a new kind of living amongst the changed world around them. One particular creature happened to explore and offend new things in its surroundings more advanced than others. In the late 18th century, Charles Darwin wrote a entertain called Origin of Species. The book was intriguing. People thought he was losing his mind because close to men and women during his time were very religious and really close to God. They didnt believe him until a team of French-American researchers in the yea r 1974 prepare turn ups of early apes.But by that time I think Darwins unlikely friends and haters wont be able to say it in front of him. The people who found Darwins inspirational evidence called it Lucy. Lucy is a 3 million year old ape and is the very first one to walk upright or with 2 legs because according to the researchers she had wide hips like humans do. Archeologists say Lucy walked like a modern pig mea chimpanzee and bonobo.After a few decades, Lucy got to the second stage of evolution. And that is having the ability to speak or make different kinds of sounds. This is the cause of the straightening of the spine which allows the neck to follow for them to be able to speak and the rest is history. What Lucy became is what all of us are now.GeneralizationEvolution has really helped and changed every individual for the better. It make us realize and understand how the real world worked in the early ages and how it affected all of us today. We are now where we belong and that gives everyone the chance and the blessings they deserve.ReflectionPersonally, I do not believe in this theory as per the teachings in the Bible. There is no contest to what the Bible says about usorganism formed in the image of God. But, for arguments sake, and if I were to believe it, let me just say that Darwin may have misconstrued the facts or the things he has observed ground on the physical and genetic similarities of man and apes. He based his findings on the fact that because apes were able to walk upright, we are their descendants and from other scientists findings on the similarities of man and apes from different eras.Other important human characteristics such as a large and complex brain, the ability to make and use tools, and the capacity for language added to the basis for his theory. Early human fossils and archeological remains offer the most important clues about this ancient past. These remains include bones, tools and any other evidence left by earlier peo ple. Usually, the remains were buried and preserved naturally.Thinking About YouA tornado flew around my means before you cameExcuse the mess it made, usually doesnt rainIn Southern California, much like ArizonaMy eyes dont shed tears, they pourWhen Im thinkin bout you(Ooh no, no, no)Ive been thinkin bout you(You know, know, know)Ive been thinkin bout youDo you think about me still?Or do you not think so out-of-the-way(prenominal) ahead?Cause I been thinkin bout forever (Ooh no, no)Or do you not think so far ahead?Cause I been thinkin bout foreverNo, I dont like you, I just thought you were coolEnough to kick itGot a beach house I could sell you in IdahoYou dont think I delight in you, I just thought you were cuteThats why I kissed youGot a fighter jet, I dont fly it thoughLyin down thinkin bout you(Ooh no, no, no)Ive been thinkin bout you(You know, know, know)Ive been thinkin bout youDo you think about me still?Or do you not think so far ahead?Cause I been thinkin bout forever ( Oooh)Or do you not think so far ahead?Cause I been thinkin bout foreverAnd I remember, how could I for pee-peeHow you tonusAnd though you were my first timeA new feelAnd it wont ever get old,not in my soul,Not in my spirit, keep it aliveWell go down this roadTil it turns from color to dimmed and whiteOr do you not think so far ahead?Cause I been thinkin bout forever(Oooh) (2x)

My Papa’s Waltz Personal Analysis

Index Introduction1 Es tell apart2 evidence5 Bibliography 6 Introduction For this paper, you will be able to construe the various incriminateings, tones, structure, my personal cerebration and analysis of the numbers My Papas valse by Theodore Roethke. For more to add, you will also encounter with a brief biography of the poet Roethke which will explain why the poet wrote this verse form and how much meaning it has for him.The tenableness why I chose this poem out of the other seven choices that were given was because this poem captivated me. The poem itself has a lot of parts in which it amazed me, but what amazed me the most was of how the poet could give devil opposite actions, feelings and emotions that ambiguity all at the same conviction. 1 Essay My Papas Waltz was first written in 1942 by Theodore Roethke. It centers in the idea of the relationship between a generate and a son.Theodore Roethke was born in Saginaw, Michigan, in which he spent much of his childhood in the glasshouse enlarging his love towards nature where his founding father and uncle worked in. Roethke had a harsh childhood, which can be portrayed in numerous of his poems, as his father and uncle died at an early age. Maybe it was these harsh moments that pull the reason why Roethkes poems are so confusing and hard to know what he wants to say. My Papas Waltz is an iambic trimeter with an ABAB rhyme. It consists of 4 stanzas, each stanza having 4 lines, also called a quatrain.It is iambic because according to the shmoop page, one unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed one(1). Also, it is a trimeter because it has three stressed syllables. Relating to the tone, it can be seen first as unpeaceful but when looked deeply, it has a lovely, amiable and cheerful tone. Last but not least, it is a poem considered to depict intension as it gives the association of a secondary meaning of a word or expression(2). link up to the analysis of the poem, Roethke is describing about one of his few memories he had with his father before he passed out.It kind of leads you at first to believe that the father is abusing and mistreating him but when you reach to the end of the poem, you end up realizing that they were having a keen quantify together. As Roethke is famous for being ambiguous in his writings, I will first colloquy about the dark and violent side and then the lovely and amiable side which can be perceived by the reader but will clarify which side Im taking at the final stanza. In the first stanza, it can be perceived as something violent pay off away by seeing the words dizzy, and death.These are beefed-up vocabulary and the voice of the male child seems kind of scared. In contrast, it could welcome meant that the father just had a few sips of whiskey and because the son was still a child, just a small amount of alcohol could have made him dizzy. Also, by motto that he hung on like death could be that as he didnt grant too 2 saying that he hung on like death could be that as he didnt share too much time with his dad, he held on to his father very strong as he enjoyed it. In the second stanza, the violence gets worse as the utensils in the kitchen fall and the flummoxs face frowns of disapproval.This can be the most direct evidence of violence in the full-length poem. But, it can also show a exacting side, for example they were having so much fun and interest that they created a mess in the kitchen and the mother was frowning because she had to clean all the mess up. Or, it could also have been that the mother was frowning in disbelief of how much fun the father and the son were having together. One stick out option of the mother frowning could be because she was jealous of not being part of the fun the father and son were having.But most likely it would be the second reason, as it is the most reasonable one. In the third stanza, details of where the son had wounds and signs of beatings are described literally. A tone of suffering can be perceived from the tip of the nose, however as the poem gets to the end, the violence seems to cease. This is because Roethke here describes that his father actually held his wrist which is a sign of love. The knuckle of the father being battered just shows how hard the father worked with his bare give and that even though the father must be tired of labor work, he still shares time with his son.Also, when Roethke says ear scraped a buckle, he referred that as his height was small his ear was just at the same level as of his fathers hips where he had a buckle. So every time they loosed their verse of the waltzing, the boy was hit not on purpose but mistakenly or as an accident. Any fun activity has its risk or accident so a little sting of danger wont hurt that much. In the fourth and last stanza, it is where the author Roethke shows what he has meant to say from the beginning of the poem.The beating time of the head is that the father was measuring the tempo of the waltzing to his head as the boy was small and again the palm with dirt depicts the fathers hard work. The act of that the father took the boy to his bed is simply an action of love, tenderness and warmth. Not any father would do that after a long day of work unless the father feels a deep connection and love towards his child. And by saying that Roethke kept grabbing to his fathers shirt means that he didnt want to let go of his father.This showed how much affection the boy had towards his dad and that all those actions that seemed violent were actually just fun to him. 3 From my personal view and analysis Ive made, I stand and clarify that the poem is about an inner(a) moment Roethke had with his dad. The title alone states it because by using the word Papa, it refers to the father whom the child feels love, parsimoniousness and warmth. The word Waltz is also used as a flow of calm music with rhythm for dancing. The title itself is remarkably positive and warm, meani ng that the poem most likely is about the boy, Roethke describing one of his outmatch moments with his father.But also, after reading the poem several times by several times I mean over a hundred times, I came to this idea that by chance the waltz was the symbol or the description of how the relationship with his father was but this time METAPHORICALLY. By metaphorically I mean that maybe the waltz was the direct symbolic representation of the bond between Roethke and his father. To make myself clear, Roethke could have had a sincerely bad relationship as the waltzing caused broken objects, parts of the body hurt and etc- with his father but he still wanted to be with him as when he still cling to his shirt.The entire poem could be a metaphor of how bad his relationship with his father was (because Roethke almost never had time to be with his father) but then even though it was bad, it didnt matter to him as he still love his father. 4 Conclusion In My Papas Waltz, Roethke highli ghted the fondness, attachment and love towards his father in a manner only he could express. The use of these abstract ideas in another words connotation were used because his love towards his father, the memories he had with his father were not simple and literal, but rather complex, deep and symbolical.All in all, the most important thing is that Roethke leaves you as the reader a decision. This is why he is considered one of the lift out poets no poet has given the reader a choice, a path or simply a decision. In this poem, Roethke gives you the decision to either take the poem from a negative side or from a positive side. It all depends on the reader, on how open-minded, understanding the reader is. This makes him unique, special and now, my favorite poet of all. 5 Bibliography (1) http//www. shmoop. com/my-papas-waltz/rhyme-form-meter. html (2) http//dictionary. reference. com/ frequent/waltz? s=t 6

Car Maintenance Essay

C atomic number 18 and Maintenance Tips accommodate Your Car foot race in Top-Notch Condition Weve compiled our best expert advice, surprising tricks, and gondola gondola motor gondola committaln tips to pro hanker the life of your locomote 1. Be patient during the upliftedtail it-in uttermostYouve bought your dream elevator elevator gondola and now you want to contract it perish at long as possible in top condition. Here atomic number 18 few aff line of productses to find as you pull it surface of the dealers circularise * During the scatter-in period, typically the first 1,000 ccs (1,600 km), entertain your speed downst bank lines 55 mph (88 kpm) or to the speed recomm dismissed by your gondola elevator railway cars manufacturer. * fend dour heavy loads on the drive train, much(prenominal) as towing trailers, and loa prick the roof rack or trunk with heavy construction materials. * Do not allow your current car to idle for long periods this is good a dvice for the life of your car, still especially during breakin. The embrocate pres authoritative generated by doing so whitethorn not be sending oil to e actually go of your locomotive. * drug abuse only light to medium acceleration, retention the railway locomotive rpms below 3,000 for the first few hours of control. 2. Drive with c ar anydayBeing car thoughtful shouldnt stop later onward the break-in. Drive with c are any(prenominal) day and your car ordain vantage you with longer intervals with bug out reanimate. * Do not race your cars locomotive during start-up.This is a quick route to rack up years of s a good deal to your locomotive engine, especially if its ballparky outside. * Accelerate slowly when you begin your drive.The close to wear to the engine and drive train occurs in the first ten to twenty minutes of operation. * calefacient the engine by letting it idle in the alley is not a s bodget idea.The engine doesnt choke at its peak tempera ture, resulting in incomplete fuel combustion, soot deposits on cylinder walls, oil contamination, and ultimately ruind components. * Put less strain on your engine and automatic transmittance by shifting to neutral at red lights. Otherwise, the engine is still working to push the car notwithstanding bit its stopped. * Avoid madcap at high speeds and accelerating quickly, especially when its very hot or very coldness outside.Such driving behavior pass on result in much denounce repairs. * Extend the life of your travails with careful driving. Observe posted speed limits. Avoid dissolute starts, stops, and turns. Avoid potholes and objects on the road. preceptort run oer mark finishs or hit the tire against the curb when put. And, of course, dont burnrubber. * When turning your steering wave, dont hold it in an extreme right or left position for more than than a few seconds. Doing so loafer trauma the power-steering bone marrow. * Consolidate your short drivin g trips. Most of the wear and hook as well as the taint your car generates takes blank space in the first few minutes of driving. Doing some(prenominal) errands at erstwhile, during low trading hours if possible, ordain maintenance your engine happier longer. 3. bargain smooth at reputable assist puts bring whether the gas you buy is pick uped at the heart and if the station has a policy al approximately ever-changing the manage filters regularly. If you get a song and dance, find some former(a) gas station. Some stations dont obligate pump filters, making you more vulnerable to grungey gasoline. Other stations whitethorn not mix alcohol and fuel properly or worse, body of water down their product. Find a station you trust and stick to it. 4. Dont overgorge up if you contain the army storeerIf you ascertain to catch out a gasoline tanker submiting the tanks at your local gas station, come buttocks another day or go to a different station. As the stati ons underground tanks are being filled, the turbulence throw out stir up sediment. Sediment in your gas post maculate fuel filters and fuel injectors, causing measly performance and possibly necessitating repairs. 5. Go effortless when youre stuckWhen stuck in mud or snow, dont piss the problem worse by damaging an high-ticket(prenominal) component. Gently rocking in an attempt to free the car is fine. But if it looks as though youre actually stuck, dont sustainment at it. Throwing your car from forward to reverse repeatedly, as well as spinning tires at high speeds, can generate lots of heat and spell trouble for transmittals, clutches, and differentials. It may be cheaper in the long run to call the tow truck rather than risk large-minded repair bills down the road. Its a good idea to carry a traction guardianship in the trunk, much(prenominal) as sand, gravel, or cat litter. 6. Lighten up your secernate chainDoes your car key share a chain with a dozen or more oth er keys? Thats a pretty heavy load hanging off the car key when its in the rubor.The tip, combined with bouncing while you drive, can wear out the tumblers inner(a) the sack and tear downtually mastermind to ignition switch failure.To add years of service to your ignition switch, purchase a lightweight key chain that allows you to separate your ignition key from the others. Drive with only the ignition key in your ignition. If your ignition key sticks when you return to turn on the car, its a warning that your ignition switch is about to fail. Replace it forwards you get stranded. 7. spot a good car insurerSomemultiplication, no question how careful you are, disaster inevitably strikes typically in the form of an accident. Make sure that your car will be repaired to the best possible standard by finding an insurer that will pay for split from the fender manufacturer and guarantee the repairs it authorizes. 8. Keep an auto logKeep a pad and pencil in the glove compartment and procedure them to record your gas fill-ups and mileage. If you notice that your gas mileage worsens, mention it to your service man. It may be an early warning sign that something is wrong with your car. 9. Preserve your car during long-term rememberingIf you are not deprivation to use your car for more than a month, store it properly to balk unnecessary injure and repairs upon your return. * Fill the gas tank to table service prevent condensation from accumulating in the gas tank. Add a fuel stabilizer and drive the car around a bit to divide the additive to engine separate. * cleanse and cover the car good to protect the shade.* Place a vaporisation barrier on your garage floor. A 4-mil polyethylene drop cloth will do. * Disengage the seting stop to help avoid brake corrosion. * Put the car on jack stands to take the weight of the vehicle off the enterthes and tires. * Disconnect and remove the battery to keep it from draining. Place the battery on a trickletyp e charger. Or periodically drain the battery, using a scurvy light bulb, and wherefore reload it with a low-volt charger. * Plug the tailpipe with a rag to prevent moist air from infiltrating into it.Car Interior10. Park in the shadeOf course, a garage is always the ideal place to park your car. But if one isnt available, minimize interior damage from UV sunlight and heat by always trying to park your car in the shade. If no shade is available or if you find parking under a tree results in bird droppings, use a car shade to minimize the suns impact. As a bonus, youll be in possession of a cooler car to step into on hot blithe days. Car shades come in two basic types those that you unfold and place on the await windshield and rear window, or pleated types that attach to the windshield posts (with adhesive), window frames (with Velcro), or the windows themselves (with suction cups). 11. Clean the inside, in any caseVacuum and clean your interior every time you wash your car. Di rt particles are cranky, and spilled liquids, such(prenominal) as soda, can be corrosive.Vacuum your interior thoroughly with a powerful vacuum (small cordless models are largely unwarrantedly weak). Use the appropriate wand heads when vacuuming. The bare metallic element wand can mar and marker surfaces. Sponge vinyl surfaces clean with a solution of mild detergent and water. 12. Clean dash gauges carefullyUse a soft damp cloth to lightly wipe sparge from the clear flexible lenses on your dashboard. Too much pressure will scratch them. Too many scratches can make it difficult to read your gauges under certain lighting conditions. 13. Let floor mats take over wintertimes beatingUse floor mats to protect carpeting. The best type for controlling salinity, slush, and mud in winter are rubber wafflestyle mats. They stay in place, dont allow the water to seep through, and are easy to wash clean. Carpet-style mats are helpful, in addition. Shake, vacuum, or wash as needed replac e them as they wear through. 14. Blast mats with the hoseWhen washing your car, drag out the rubber or carpet floor mats and pinpoint them with the hose.This will dislodge dirt particles that, if allowed to build up, will grind holes in your mats. Let the mats dry thoroughly in the sun earlier reinstalling them. 15. For stubborn carpet or mat stainsAfter vacuuming floor mats or interior carpeting, apply foam rug unsoiled to resistant stains as directed by the maker. workplace the foam into a few square feet at a time, using a wet sponge or mop. Vacuum when dry. 16. Preserve door and window seals wash a rubber protectant (such as Armor-All) or silicone on door and window weatherstripping to keep it in good condition. Dont use an oilbased product, such as WD-40, because the oil will damage the rubber. Regular make clean and treatment of your cars weatherstripping will likewise lessen the likelihood of your door sticking to its rubber seal in cold weather, a common cause of dama ge to the rubber. 17. Fix bad weatherstripping immediatelyIf your weatherstripping is letting rainwater expose into the interior of your car, take a look at it and decide if you can repair it or if it of necessity to be replaced. Small leaks can be handled with cross-on seam sealers. Resecure loose functions, not otherwise damaged, with trim adhesive. part sections may be repaired with special caulking available at auto parts stores. You may also be able to extend the life of worn-but-intact sections by inserting foam rods, available at self-propelling stores, into the hollow section of the weatherstripping. If you decide to replace entire sections of gasket, dont simply buy generic stuff such as youd use around the house. Buy a product that matches your cars original weatherstripping its available in a wide variety of profiles from dealerships and automotive mail-order catalogues. 18. Keep welt from drying out and crackingLeather cars seats are durable and dont require a lot of maintenance. After a few years, up to now, the seats can become soiled. Use a leather cleaner to remove dirt and stains.Then apply a leather protectant formulated for pigmented or top-coated grain leather (the leather used for most leather car upholstery). defendants will resist stains and make the upholstery easier to clean in the future. Choose a protectant that includes conditioners to keep your leather supple. 19. Use upholstery cleaners on soiled seatsThe same upholstery cleaners you use at home can be used on your carsupholstery. Use them sparingly, however, to avoid saturating the fabric. Use a clean cloth to wipe out-of-door the foam. On velour seats, brush the fibers gently to avoid matting them and to preserve the original texture of the fabric. 20. Re youthful fabric upholsterySpraying fabric car seats and carpets with a fabric protectant, such as Scotchgard, will make them resist dirt and stains, and make them easier to clean. Thoroughly clean the fabrics before hand using one of these products and then test the product on an inconspicuous place to be sure the treatment will not discolor the fabric. 21. Place a towel under baby seatsAll manner of food bits and liquids can accumulate under a baby seat, where they can permanently stain the upholstery. Place a sheet of heavy tractile and an absorbent towel under the seat to prevent damage, and re-secure the seat jibe to the manufacturers directions.22. Protect car key fruit from the sunPaint does more than make your vehicle look great. Its also the first line of defense against rusted body panels. Of course, the best way to protect the paint is to park the car in a garage. If that is not possible, park in the shade or purchase a car cover. The suns ultraviolet rays break down paint and cause it to fade. Some car covers protect your car from more than sun, moisture, bird droppings, and dust they also have a thin grade of cushioning that will guard against light impact, such as from a tippe d bicycle or small falling tree branch. 23. Touch up nicks sooner rather than laterTouch-up paint wint adhere well to rust. So be sure to keep some matching touch-up paint on hand so you can touch up any minor nicks, often strand around door edges, before rust has a chance to form. 24. Tape saves light coversA buggy taillight or turn-signal cover, if left alone, may allow your light compartment to fill with water and cause some real damage. A good short-term fix is to tape over the crack. Use the red or orange tape thats made forthis purpose.You can purchase it at many automotive parts stores. 25. Avoid light fixture problemsWhen changing a bad bulb, clean rotten or corrode sockets with fine steel wool or a small wire brush.Wipe the socket clean of debris before installing the modern light bulb. 26. Fix small windshield chipsGot a rock chip, crack, or ding in your windshield? Bring your car to a windshield repair shop. For farthest less make up than replacing the windshield, they can fix chips and cracks, even quite long ones. The repairs not only keep the chips and cracks from stratumspread and restore structural integrity, they also improve clarity. 27. Fill with washer silver-tongued onlyDont add water to the windshield washer reservoir. It wint clean as well as washer unstable, and it may block in cold weather and damage the outline. Dont try to run your windshield washer system once you suspect theres no more fluid in the tank, or you may damage the washer fluid pump. 28. Fix the washer fluid tankCracked washer-deicer fluid tanks are fairly common once a car is of a certain age. A good remedy until you can buy a new tank or find one at the junkyard is to insert a plastic freezer bag into the tank and fill it with the washer fluid. 29. Dont try to carry too muchNever exceed your cars roof load specifications or weight limits.You can find them in your vehicle owners manual. Check the weight limitation of your roof rack as well. Typically th e range is from cl to 200 pounds (68 to 90 kg). Thats the equivalent of eighteen 8-foot 2 x 4s (2.4-meter 38 x 89s) or three sheets of 3/4-inch (17-mm) plywood. If you have to deliver a heavy load from the home or garden center, consider having it delivered. It will save wear and tear on you as well as your car. 30. Keep an old blanket handyProtect your cars roof from scratches with an old blanket before tying lumber, bicycles, or luggage to your roof rack. 31. Secure loads to avoid dents and scratchesThe beginning of the end for the finish on many cars and trucks and for wagon and hatchback interiors for that matter is an improperly stowed load. Invest in the appropriate racks for bicycles, cargo, and luggage. A good trick to keep tall objects from sliding around in a pick-up truck bed is to use a shower curtain rod (or two) as a brace. Just push the cargo against the front wall of the truck bed and install the rod behind it. Twist to secure. Cargo nets will also help keep object s from banging around and damaging a truck bed. 32. Inspect cycle per second-well splashguardsThese guards, however flimsy on many of todays cars, help keep water and winters salty slush from splashing up into the engine compartment, where it can damage sensitive electrical components. Unfortunately, these guards tear off easily sometimes without the driver knowing it. Check for damage to these guards when you wash your car. Re-secure with the appropriate fasteners or replace as needed. As added protection from splashed-up muck, slush, and debris, install mud flaps (also called splash guards) on your vehicle. 33. Wash in winter, tooIf you rarely wash your car during messy winter weather, you are not alone.The cars you see on the road make it obvious that lots of folks figure,Why bother? The car is going to look awful the next time I drive it. The problem with this thinking is that washing is more important in the winter than other times of the year. All that sand, slush, and ice m ixed with road salt is exactly what makes your car rust.The fastest corrosion occurs when the temperature repeatedly rises above and then falls below freezing. specially during the messy months, be sure to rinse the undercarriage and hard-to-reach areas that are susceptible to rust, such as the bumpers and inside the wheel wells. If the temperature outside is going to stay above freezing long enough for your car and driveway to dry, fill a bucket with warm water and tackle the crease at home. If not, pay a revenge to your local car wash and be sure they dry the car thoroughly. 34. Wax to protect your cars paint jobNo way around it Waxing your car is work. But its satisfying work that will help keep your car looking new. Car lift hold paint by slowing oxidationand forming a barrier against bird droppings, sap, and pollution. Plus driving a nice sheeny car is just plain fun. Heres what to do to ensure the train best in protection* Liquid and spray waxes are tempting to use th ey make the car shiny with less work than rubbing in paste wax. But theres still no beating paste wax for the hardest, longest-lasting finish. Look for paste with a high carnauba wax content. * restrain a thin, even coat of wax to the cars surfaces with a damp sponge. Avoid applying too much, or it will be difficult to remove and some resi overdue will inevitably mar your finish. * To avoid fine scratches, use a clean, soft cotton or microfiber cloth to remove wax once it has dried. * Apply an extra coat of wax to the nose and hood. The wax film in these areas wears away quickly. 35. Give your car a new skinNew self-adhering urethane films have been developed to protect the most vulnerable miscellaneous areas on your car from stone chips and other minor abrasions.You can wash and wax these surfaces, just as you would the rest of the paint job. While its best to have these films professionally installed, you can peel them off yourself. One product is made by 3M, and you can learn m ore by going to 3m.com and searching for Scotchgard Paint Protection Film Solutions. 36. Dont let tools mar your cars finishIf you plan to service and make repairs to your car, invest in a fender cover. It drapes over your fender, providing a safe place to rest your tools without causing scratches. It will also prevent your eruption crumble from marring your paint as you lean into the engine compartment to work. Tires, Wheels, and Brakes37. Keep the caps onYou step out into driveway ready to start your morning commute only to discover a flat tire. How in the heck did that happen overnight? If the tire valve is missing its cap, the culprit might be a leaky valve. Those little caps keep out dirt and moisture that can cause leaks, so be sure to keep caps on all your tire valves. Another tip When you replace tires, remindthe tire shop that you expect new valves with the tires. 38. Maintain proper inflationUnder-inflated tires are a tire salesmans best friend. They create excessive he at and stress that can lead to tire failure. If you want to get every last mile out of your tires, get yourself a tire pressure gauge and use it at least once a month (more in hot weather) to keep your tires inflated to the recommendation in the vehicles owners manual. Check tires when they are cold (driven for less than one mile) for an accurate reading. 39. Beware the wet thumbIf you top off your tires at a service station, check to see if theres moisture coming from the air pump. Simply depress the pin inside the inflator valve with your thumbnail. If your thumb gets wet, suggest the station manager that his tanks need to be drained and go to a different station. Moisture, trapped inside a tire, can cause pressure variations and corrode rims. 40. Check for unsmooth wearCheck tires for uneven wear. If youve maintained tire inflation properly, uneven wear may indicate the need for a wheel realignment. It can also mean improperly operating brakes or shocks, a bent wheel, indwellin g tire damage, or worn bushings. 41. Check tread for safetyMost states require tires to be replaced when they have worn down to 1/16-inch (1.5 mm) of appeaseing tire depth. Tires sold in North America are required to have wear bars molded into them to make it easy to see when tire permutation is legally required. However, if youll be driving in the rain, you should change your tires when there is 1/8-inch (3 mm) of tread left. Otherwise, water may not escape from under your tires fast enough and you risk hydroplaning a dangerous situation in which your car loses traction and literally floats on the water. scram an American quarter between the treads in several places. If part of Washingtons head is always covered, you have enough tread to drive in the rain. If you drive in snow, youll need at least 3/16-inch (5 mm) of tread to get adequate traction. Stick an American penny between the treads. If the top of the LincolnMemorial is always covered, youre ready for winter driving. 42 . Rotate your tiresRotating your tires helps to distribute tire wear evenly and ensures that youll get the maximum road life out of them. The first rotation is especially important.Your owners manual should specify both rotation period and pattern. If not, rotate your tires every 6,000 to 7,500 miles (9,700 to 12,000 km) your tire dealer should know the correct pattern of tire rotation. 43. When temperatures affect tire inflationWhen outside temperatures drop or soar, tires tend to lose pressure. A drop of 10 degrees F (6 degrees C), in fact, will decrease a tires air pressure by 1 or 2 pounds.Tires can lose even more air in hot weather. Under-inflated tires can result in accelerated wear and poor driving performance. If you live in a place where temperatures vary a lot, check your tire pressure often and add air as needed. 44. Buy used tiresIf you own a car that you plan to drive only for another year, the last thing you want to do is to buy a new set of tires. If its time to repl ace those tires though, its really time. Rather than hesitate, buy a set of used tires. Call local tire dealers to see whats available. Youll be surprised by how much wear is left in tires that are moody in by image-conscious car owners. Have your tire size handy. 45. Use wheel cleanerYour cars wheels are down there on the road, taking the brunt of road dirt. Add in the dust that wears off your brake pads and youve got a formula for stains that are tough to remove when you wash your vehicle. Car-washing liquid wont do the job.You need a wheel cleaner specifically formulated to remove such stains. Be sure to buy the correct formulation. Some cleaners are designed for metal wheels, and others for painted or clear-coated wheels.The metal wheel cleaners come in various formulations as well, depending upon whether your metal wheel has a satin, aluminum, or chrome finish. Protect metal wheels with wheel polish, painted wheels with a coat of wax. 46. fill your lug nutsLug nuts, if not lu bricated occasionally, can seize or freeze to the studs due to corrosion. Repairing them can be expensive. Having to call a tow truck for a flat you cant remove is even more expensive.The next time you change or rotate your tires, pick up some anti-seize lubricant at your local auto tack store. Clean the stud threads with a wire brush and wipe them with the lubricant. Its formulated to prevent the lug nuts (spark ballyhoos, too) from seizing and wont allow them to loosen as you drive, the way other lubricants might. If a lug nut does freeze to a stud, try spraying the nut and stud with WD-40 or Liquid Wrench. Allow it to penetrate for 10 or 20 minutes. Use a heat gun to apply heat.Then use a go on wrench to remove the lug. 47. Hang on to your hubcapsClang, clang, clang There goes your hubcap,rolling off to destination unknown. Hubcaps, wheel covers, and center caps can pop off your cars wheels as youre driving if they were not reinstalled correctly, have loosened over time, or if they were damaged by being jammed against a curb while parking. Here are some things you can do to keep these expensive parts on the car * If your older metal hubcap has loosened, remove it and pry the metal clips outward slightly. This should fix the problem. * Newer plastic-type hubcaps and some wheel covers are usually held in place by a retaining wire ring that snaps into tabs on the wheel. When installing such a cap or cover, take care that you do not bend or break the tabs. * One way to make sure your expensive hubcaps arent damaged by a repair shop is to remove them yourself before taking your car in for a repair that requires wheel removal, such as a brake job or new tires. When reinstalling hubcaps, rest the hubcap in place and then tap it gently with a rubber mallet. Dont hit the hubcap hard, or you might break the clips underneath. If you prefer to have your repair person remove the covers, check to make sure they were reinstalled properly.They should look even and flush . 48. Have wheel alignment chequeredHave your cars wheel alignment checked every 30,000 miles (48,000 km), or as recommended in your owners manual. Also have it checked after buying new tires and when you replace a rack-and-pinion steering unit or other steering parts. indelicate tire alignment will shorten the life of your tires as wellas cause poor handling. If your steering is stiffer than normal or the vehicle pulls to one side, you probably have an alignment problem. 49. Top off your brake fluidCheck brake fluid monthly.Wipe dirt from the master cylinder lid before you open it. If you need fluid, add the type recommended by your cars maker. Never substitute other fluids, such as transmission or power-steering fluid. And dont use brake fluid from a previously opened container. Once exposed to air, brake fluid absorbs moisture and contaminates easily. 50. Care for anti-lock brakesAn anti-lock brake system is sensitive to moisture, which can ruin the expensive ABS pump and rot the brake lines from the inside. Since brake fluid attracts moisture, it should be bled or purged at least every three years, or as undertake in your owners manual.Car Engine and Other Systems51. Check engine oil at every other fill-upFor an accurate reading, follow this procedure* Run or drive your car for about 15 minutes to warm the oil then park the car in a take aim place.Turn off the engine and wait 15 minutes to allow the oil in the engine to drain back to the oil pan. * Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean with a paper towel or rag. Reinsert the dipstick, being sure to push it in all the way, then pull it out again to check the oil level. It should be somewhere between the hash marks on the dipstick. * Add the type and amount of oil as specified in your owners manual, if necessary. 52. Change oil frequentlyYour dad knew that frequent oil changes were key to keeping his Buick on the road another year. And while owners manuals for todays cars recommend increasing long inter vals between oil changes, the fact remains frequent changes flush abrasive dirt and metal particles out of the engine, prolonging its life. Most owners manuals recommend a more frequent interval for severe conditions. To maximize the life of your engine, follow the severe intervals recommendations, especially if drive regularly instop-and-go traffic. 53. Avoid overfilling your crankcase with oilDont overfill your engine crankcase with oil. If you do, the oil can rise into the crankshaft, where air bubbles will get churned into the oil.Your oil pump cant do a good job of circulating oil with air bubbles. The result can be hot uping and stress on engine components. Overfilling can also foul your sparkplugs. In fact, overfilling is a bad idea with all automotive fluids. 54. Wipe oil pan plug cleanIf you do your own oil changes, clean the drain plug and washer with rags before reinstalling your oil pan. Some plugs are magnetized to trap metal particles. 55. Dont forget the filtersTher e are several filters (the main ones are oil, fuel, transmission, and air) important to preserving your car engine, and they should be changed according to the schedule in your owners manual or as follows * Change the oil filter at least at every other oil change every change is even better because the old filter contains nearly a quart of begrimed oil that will remain with the new, clean oil. If you change your oil yourself, wipe the filter threads with an anti-seize lubricant, available at auto supply stores. * Check the air filter every two months and replace it when dirty or as part of a tune-up. Air filters are generally easier to get to than oil filters.You find them under the big metal lid in a carbureted engine or in a rectangular box in a fuelinjected engine check your owners manual for the exact location.Extend the life of air filters by blowing them clean with compressed air. * Despite claims by makers and dealers that some newer fuel filters never need changing, its s mart to have it done once a year. A clogged fuel filter will cause poor engine performance (hesitation and starting difficulties) and is an early warning that there may be corrosion in your gas tank. * Change your transmission fluid filter after the first 5,000 miles (8,000 km) of driving and every 25,000 miles (40,000 km) or two year thereafter. 56. Dont forget the PCV valveThe PCV ( coercive crankcase ventilation) valve is an emissions control device on older cars check your service manual to see if your car has one.The valve recirculates partially burned gases from the engines crankcase to thecombustion chamber. Important to a properly functioning engine, the valve should be changed every 30,000 miles (48,000 km) or as specified in your owners manual. In addition to helping you get the most from a tank of gasoline, it helps to prevent the buildup of harmful sludge and corrosion.When replacing your PCV valve, be sure you use the correct one or you may damage your engine. 57. Heav ier is not always betterUse the oil viscosity grade thats recommended in your owners manual for the temperature range you expect for the coming season. Lighter grades (lower viscosity, such as SAE 5W-30), often specified for todays smaller car engines, will deliver easier starts and better engine protection in winter and improved gas mileage throughout the year, thanks to less essential engine friction. Do not use a heavy grade of oil in cold winter climes or you will risk damage to your engine. 58. Maintain your transmissionChange automatic transmission fluid and filter after the first 5,000 miles (8,000 km) and after every 25,000 miles (40,000 km) or two years thereafter, or as recommended in your owners manual. If you use your vehicle for towing, change the fluid and filter every year. For manual transmissions, change the lubricant (motor oil or gear oil, depending on the car) after the first 5,000 miles and after every 50,000 (80,000 km) thereafter. Use synthetic motor oil or g ear lube for longer transmission life unless the manufacturer recommends otherwise. 59. Consider adding oil coolersIf you plan to do a lot of towing and your vehicle is not already equipped with coolers, consider having them added. Aftermarket engine oil and transmission fluid coolers are simple, low-cost addons that operate on the same principle as your cars radiator. The fluid flows through them, and many small fins absorb and dissipate heat. Cooler operating temperatures of engine oil and transmission fluid can add significantly to the life of your engine and transmission. 60. Spark plugs do need changingThe advent of electronic ignition and on-board computers has eliminated the need for regular tune-ups, but you still need to change your spark plugs. Many manufacturers recommend changing plugs every 30,000 or 40,000 miles(48,000 or 64,000 km) to ensure good fuel mileage and engine performance. Some new cars come with long-life plugs (sometimes called double platinum plugs) that can last for 100,000 miles (160,000 km). If your car isnt so equipped, make the switch after 30,000 miles. The extra cost is only a few dollars per spark plug. While youre at it, change your spark plug wires as well. Their typical life is 50,000 miles (80,000 km). Deteriorated wires can cause those hi-tech new spark plugs to foul. 61. Avoid hose flurrysCheck the hoses under your hood every month or two to avoid the hassle of a broken hose while youre on the road. With the car cool and off, squeeze the hoses. If they are hard or make a crunching sound, replace them. Ditto if they are extremely soft or sticky.With the car warm but off, examine hoses for bulges and collapsed sections. If you find any, the hose walls are weak, and its time to replace the hose. Never drive with a ruptured coolant hose, or you are liable to overheat the engine and damage it. Other hoses are crucial to operation of your power brakes and cruise-control systems. 62. Test drive- roast focusCheck the tensio n and condition of your drive tap (or, with many cars, multiple crashs) every month. Belts that are too tight can wear out the bearings in accessory components, such as AC compressor, water pump, and power-steering pump. Belts that are too loose will wear out faster and may fail prematurely. fulfill your examination before you start the car to avoid injury due to a hot belt or moving engine part. Check for tension by pressing in the center of the belts longest exposed run while holding a ruler next to it. If you can depress the belt 1/ 2 to 1 inch (13 to 25 mm), but not more or less, the tension is good. If not, adjust the belt tension yourself according to your cars service manual, or have your dealer or auto repair service do it. Also check for belt damage, such as glazing (often due to oil leakage), fraying, and cracks. If you spot damage, have the belt checked by a pro and replaced if necessary. 63. Dont forget the timing beltOn many cars, its the belt you cant see that is th e most critical. If your manual says, as many do, that you should replace the timing belt at 50,000 miiles, do it A failed timing belt can, depending on engine type, causethousands of dollars worth of damage to your engine. 64. Clean your engineThere are several reasons to wash your engine at least every year or two. A clean engine will run cooler than a dirty one. Youll be more apt to tackle routine belt and hose checks and the like if you know you wont get covered with grime every time you do so. A clean engine will also make it much easier to spot leaks and to service components. Remember to protect sensitive engine components including the air intake, distributor, and electrical parts with plastic bags before getting started. Use dishwashing liquid or other grease-cutting detergents and a bristle brush to scrub engine and components surfaces. Rinse thoroughly. Heavy-duty engine cleaning products are available at automotive parts stores. Follow the directions carefully. You may also have your engine professionally steam cleaned.AC, Car Battery and More65. Run your AC in winterTo keep your cars air-conditioning system fit for the next warm season, run it a few times throughout the winter. This will prevent moving parts in the compressor from seizing. Also, circulating the refrigerant will help keep the seals soft and pliant. 66. Maintain your cars batteryMaybe the manufacturer says your battery is maintenancefree, but dont you believe it Check your battery regularly to extend its life and avoid the hassle of being stranded with a dead battery. * Begin with the simple keeping your battery clean. A dirty case can actually cause current to drain. Wipe with a damp rag. Use a mild detergent if necessary. * Next, clean the battery posts or terminals. Loosen and remove the negative cable (black or minus sign) first, then the red positive cable. Use a brass wire battery brush dipped in a paste made from a few tablespoons of baking soda and a little water. * Inspec t the battery case for damage, such as cracks or bulges signs that a battery necessitate to be replaced. * Reinstall the cables, positive first, and coat the terminals and clamps with a thin coating of grease to prevent new corrosion. 67. Some batteries need waterIf your battery has vent caps, remove them to check the level of theelectrolyte. It should rise 1/2 inch (13 mm) above the batterys top plates. If it doesnt, use distilled water to raise the level to 1/4 or 3/8 inch (6 or 10 mm) below the rump of the vent cap. Dont use tap water, as it may contain minerals that can damage your battery. Mechanics should check your battery as a part of your regularly scheduled maintenance, but they often skip the procedure. Be sure to ask to have it done. 68. Be kind to your batteryIf you inadvertently go away your lights on and drain your battery, take the following precautions to prevent damage to the battery and the starter when jump-starting your car * Dont risk causing the battery to explode. With both cars off, connect a positive cable end to the positive battery terminal of the dead battery. * Connect the other positive cable end to the positive terminal of the source battery. * Connect a negative cable end to the negative terminal of the source battery. * Attach the remaining negative cable to unpainted metal on the car engine (as far from the dead battery as possible). * Wait a few minutes and try to start the modify car.If it doesnt start, start the source car and then try starting the dead one again. * When the car starts, be careful to disconnect the cables in the reverse order. * If the car still doesnt start, dont keep trying to charge it or you are liable to damage the starter. Bring the battery to an automotive shop to see if it can be recharged. * Even if youre successful, ensure a full recharge by hooking up the battery to a charger overnight or by driving the car for 5 or 10 miles (8 to 16 km). 69. Seal a leaky radiatorSave the high expense of a new radiator by trying to seal a leak with a radiator sealer, such as Alumaseal from Gold Eagle Co. Available in powder or liquid form, the product circulates in the radiator until it gets to the hole, where it sets up and fills the hole upon contact with the air. Alumaseal may be used to stop heater core leaks as well. 70. Dilute your coolantYour cooling system needs both coolant-antifreeze and water, so dont pour undiluted coolant into your cooling system. Dilute it with water to thecommonly recommended 50-50 ratio. Similarly, dont use straight water in your system either.The coolant protects against corrosion and freezing.The water ensures good heat transfer from the coolant to the radiator. 71. Keep your coolCheck the coolant-antifreeze level weekly that shows on the translucent coolant-antifreeze overflow tank. If low, fill to the maximum fill mark on the tank with a 50-50 solution of coolant-antifreeze and water. Some coolant manufacturers now sell premixed coolant and water for the motorist who wants a quick and easy way to top off. 72. Dont forget to flushCoolant-antifreeze eventually degrades and becomes contaminated. Flush it from your cooling system as recommended in your manual (typically every two years every five years for newer coolants). helplessness to do so can damage your radiator, clog your heater core, and cause the thermostat and water pump to fail. 73. Dont mix coolantsAvoid mixing coolants that are different in color. If your coolant is pink, dont add a green formulation to it. Otherwise, youll end up with a thick solution that wont do its job. Use only the coolant specified in your owners manual. 74. Check power-steering fluidCheck the power-steering fluid once a month with the car warmed up. If the level is low, have the hoses and pump inspected for leaks. In addition to making your car difficult to steer, low power-steering fluid will damage the power-steering pump. Be sure to use the powersteering fluid recommended for you car.