Tanning Beds Should Be Banned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tanning Beds Should Be Banned - Essay ExampleThe convert beds once again are accessible as their popularity in like manner enabled the growth of salons. Tanning bed salons are found in almost every area. The whipping service done indoors every last(predicate)ows for a cosmetic tan in moderation and control of the skin form and a regulator that minimizes the danger of overexposure and cheerburn. The affirmative psychological benefits of tannic acidg can also be as a result of other factors saves for endorphins. The payoff alleged by the flagellation industry with regards to the tanning indoors different from the outside tanning is the quantity of control the sixpence bears. An often alleged advantage of non natural tanning is the increased production of Vitamin D. The utilization of Vitamin D offers a supplementary reliable, fair and clearly protected way to acquiring the desired Vitamin D (www.time.com, 1) Indoor tanning beds may perhaps or might not be valuable for the treatm ent of SAD. It is plausible that the advantage that numerous SAD patients experience is more as a result of tanning leaving a sense of good feeling in general, instead of treating the SAD itself because the tanning beds do not cave in wavelength of light source required for an efficient treatment of SAD. WHO on Tanning Beds and Cancer This article tackles the effects of tannin g bed as look intoed by The World Health Organizations Agency for investigate on Cancer (IARC). The article reports that tanning beds have hard harmful effects on populations as well cause cancer. WHO has declared tanning bed usage, a vital cancer danger. It reports that the organization rank UV tanning beds to its highest cancer risk grouping, carcinogenic to individuals. According to the article, the faction had previously categorized sun lamp and tanning bed application as potential carcinogenic to humans. It offers information connecting the indoor tanning to the lethal skin cancer malignant melanoma which is ample and undeniable. A remarkable increase in melanoma, mostly among the untried women, has been observed in recent years. Studies done imply that the past decade offers enough evidence to hold that, tanning bed use, has had a significant role, jointly with exposure to direct sun. A tan which excites galore(postnominal) people who view it a sign of health are unaware of its dangers to the skin (Boyles, 1). The IARC faction met and reviewed the research on tanning beds as well as part played by ultraviolet light contact in skin cancer. They concluded that ultraviolet A (UVA), B (UVB) and ultraviolet C (UVC) radiations, all contribute in causing cancer, in animal forms. This is critical because as it contradicts the claims of the indoor tanning industry, which advocated that tanning beds were secure since the bulbs possessed more UVA radiation as compared to UVB. It is reported in the article that melanoma cases in the US have doubled between the periods of mid 1990s to 2 004. The research argued that this rapid rise could not be elaborated by screening and prior detection of cancer. It was also reported that tanning to begin with one reaches 30 years linked with an astounding 75% rise in melanoma hazard. It was also discovered that according to the article that young women suffering from cancer between 1973 and 2004 indicated tripling cases on melanoma (Boyles, 1). Reasons against tanning beds and their harm Although

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Discussion - Assignment fontPotency in the psychoactive make of modify and other cannabinoids has contributed to popularity and mass consumption of the drugs since people baring them to be appealing (Iversen 12).It is true that spice is as potent as THC since they act on the body in a similar manner to cannabinoids like THC found in cannabis. They dupe similar effects and people use them to avoid the laws that describe cannabis as illegal. The self-assurance of spice is not consistent and may increase leading to longer duration of action and adverse effects. The potency of the drug depends entirely on the active ingredients, the plant material that clinicians use to manufacture the drugs, and varying products mixtures (Iversen 24). The family relationship between potency and side effects is that the high the potency of spice, the severe and life threatening symptoms that a person experiences. It has adverse effects on health especially when a person takes high quantities of th e commodity. Examples of these effects include death and

British Involvement in Arabic Peninsula Dissertation

British matter in Arabic Peninsula - Dissertation ExampleHowever, the interest into the Arabic Peninsula is motivated by the beautiful decorate of the place. The terrain and climate of the Peninsula had successfully kept away any adventurers for years. The British contact into the area was just on the individual level and not on governmental level at all (ROGERS, 2006).These individuals were mainly explorers who were see the place, and many separate places around the world, for adventure. It is with the activity of these explorers that the world came to know about the Arabic peninsula. well-nigh of the outstanding explorers were Charles Doughty and Richard Burton who get the credit for opening up this place to the western world.The peninsulas mess in the Arabic parting was the spark to the British interest. For a long time, traffic from between the channelise and Europe used to pass through a corridor which bordered the Sahara on the south-west, and the mountains of turkey a nd Persia on the north-eastern region. It is on this corridor that the Arabic peninsula stretches. The corridor was, therefore, completely not penetr satisfactory. Explorers and people on adventure had to pass around the region by either going through Syria towards the Euphrates and then down to the Gulf, or across the Red Sea through Egypt. Even though Vasco da Gama had discovered the Cape route in the 15th century, the all-sea route was becalm preferred by many who sought to go around Africa. In the beginning of Britains interests in the Middle East, the main objective was commercially motivated. It was in the 17th century that the British government started to turn up interest in the Arabic Peninsula. During this time, the East India Company opened mod mop upices in locations around the region such as the Red Sea, Basra and the Persian Gulf coast. The company main objective was to seek for new markets in the Middle East region. Although the intention of the British was purel y economic at first, it started to take a political perspective towards the end of the 18th century (BALFOUR-PAUL, 1994). During this time, the British had already consolidated the Indian empire and, therefore, cared less about the topical anesthetic trade ventures. Consequently, they turned their interests to the strategic location of the Gulf because it was a study route into India. Because of this, the British administration turned all the offices in the region outside India from trade centers into political and diplomatic hubs. These centers were now used for purposes preservation and protection of the Britishs interests in the region. The British notably coined some clever treaties that enabled them to preserve and protect their presence in the region. In these treaties, the British offered to protect the local Arabian rulers from their rivals in return of the Britons dominance in the region. The British, therefore, achieved the command of the Indian Ocean gateways. In this w ay, they were able to deny any other international powers the ports of the sea. When the British learnt of a Napoleonic entry into Egypt, they sought an symmetricalness with the Sultan of Muscat so that they can prevent the French from expanding their territories towards the Arabic Gulf region. In other measures to protect their interests in the Arabic Peninsula region, the British signed numerous treaties with the surrounding kingdoms. These treaties were aimed at reducing plagiarism in the Gulf region and to safeguard trade. British give way been consistent in fighting off other colonies that posed a threat to the Britons supremacy in the Gulf region. Among these are the Egyptians, French and Russians who have posed threat to the Ottoman Empire. The British are much concerned with the interference of the Russians, who have showed increase

Intellectual Property Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intellectual Property - Assignment vitrine2. Intellectual property may include inventions, creative efforts of individuals, original works by authors or dispense secrets etc. that will provide future economic benefits to the business. How we protect intellectual property depends on the casing of property we deal with and the industry were operating in. This usually involves obtaining patents, trademarks and copyrights for the intellectual property we own. The holder of a patent can protect his product by preventing other companies to use, or take advantage, in any way, of their invention up to certain future date depending on the type of invention. The key question that arises hither is does the business own the inventions or does the creative work is the result of efforts of the individuals hired by the telephoner? similarly copyright offers the authors and creators the protection of their original intellectual work (such as literature, art, music, photographs, video recording s, softw be etc.). The copyright figure informs others that the author is intending to exercise control over the production and redistribution of the work. Likewise a trademark offers businesses the opportunity to care their product to the consumers under their unique name. As such it avoids confusion and deceiving.In such employment agreements, the employer restricts the employee from quitting the company and joining another competitive firm or setting up his/her own competitive business. such(prenominal) employment agreements are usually enforceable only if they apply restrictions within a specific electron orbit and for a definite future time period. In some states non-compete agreements are enforceable only if they are supported by the adequate consideration for the employee otherwise they are considered as agreements in restraint on trade and hence void. The advantage of non-competitive clause is obvious that it

International Hospitality Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Hospitality Analysis - set about ExampleThe celestial sphere has been through several upheavals. When the economic performs well the consumer confidence is high and people be keen to spend their disposable incomes on holidays and easting out. As the same time, the sector is also sensitive to out of the blue(predicate) events beyond its control like threats of terrorist attacks, foot or mouth crisis and the bird-flu outbreak (LSC 2006). In addition, there are other drivers of change which include minimum wage and holiday entitlement, health and safety, no-smoking legislation. The economy becomes affected delinquent to changes in legislation, changing market forces, and periods of recession and inflation (Wilson et al. 1997). In fact everything from the impact of globalization to consumer nest egg can impact this sector.Hospitality is the fastest growing industry and exhibits tremendous diversity both with prise to the types of job available and the workers. As f ar as the human resource is concerned, there is a grand demand in the sector but the availability of staff is difficult. This sector is characterized by low grade of pay, high staff turnover, low levels of training, low skills levels, unsocial hours, seasonal nature of work, predominance of casual staff, and the non-professional range of mountains of the industry (LSC 2006). This sector traditionally recruits a young workforce yet the biggest challenge that this sector faces is that of skills shortages. The local people are reluctant to enter this sector because of low wages and job uncertainties. The hospitality sector in the developed countries is facing labor shortages and can expect to face even greater shortages in the future (Choi et al. 2000). As per the economic law of supply and demand, this means that the sector needs to offer higher(prenominal)(prenominal) wages to attract skilled staff as there is short supply of staff. If the sector offers higher wages, the profitab ility is affected specially during economic downturn. As such the hospitality managers need to prepare themselves for the future. In

Is there a causal relationship between proximity to power plants and Essay

Is there a causal relationship between proximity to berth plants and cancer cases - Essay ExampleThe floating Chernobyl explosion actinotherapy particles contaminate the cows draw products. Similarly, milk products from the nearby Satre Selo Village and the Perehodichi Village were contaminated. The Chernobyl cows ate the radiation-infected grass. The grass grew on radiation- contaminated nurture tarnish (Stepanova et al., 2008). The residents eating contaminated cows milk was a confounder variable. The winds blowing the radioactive particles to particular community of interests is some other confounder variable. The mints long exposure within the vicinity of the Chernobyl community is a terzetto confounder variable. If there were no cows eating the grass, the people will not drink the cows milk or eat the infected cows meat. Consequently, the number of cancer incidents would favourably decline.Consequently, the contamination spread. The contaminated earth contaminated the grass that grew on the contaminated soil. Next, the cows ate the -radiation contaminated grass. By eating the contaminated grass, the cows were contaminated with radiation. When the farmers extracted the milk from the cows, the milk products were contaminated by the Chernobyl radiation (Zamostian et al., 2002). The contaminated soil was another confounder that increased the number of cancer incidents within the Chernobyl community. Another confounder was the quantity of contaminated food eaten. With more people eating radiation-contaminated food, more people died from the deadly cancer ailment.Further, the Chernobyl accident research focused on soil contamination measurements from Ukraines 38 Narodichesky region communities (Karmaus et al., 2008) The six year research included children respondents belonging to the 18 years old and below age range. The PROC MIXED linear measurement model to gather radiation data, controlling confounders. The findings indicate erythrocyte, blood

Miranda Priestly's personality in The Devil Wears Prada Essay - 1

Miranda Priestlys personality in The Devil Wears Prada - Essay ExampleSimilarly, Eysenck also attributed another personality dimension extraversion, or alternatively introversion, to the read/write head of balance in the brain between excitation and inhibition.(Boeree, 2006). As a result, the introverted person has short levels of inhibition and may therefore be able to remember in acute and embarrassing detail, any detail of a traumatic or humiliating event. They will have a tendency to earn particular conductal patterns to hold rancid the panic associated with such memories, which will ensure that such behavior is not repeated ever again. This may even develop to the extent of becoming obsessive-compulsive behavior.Priestleys character demonstrates several obsessive-compulsive behavioral traits that appear to suggest that she is an introverted kind of personality with scurvy levels of inhibition which she tries to compensate for through compulsive behavioral patterns. One of these is her habit of discarding her overcoat prominently on the desk of her assistant and making unreasonable demands which must be instantly satisfied. Priestleys quest is to attain nonsuch and success in her job, and she is in a position of constant pressure to maintain those impossibly racy standards of perfection. In order to mask her fear of failure, she has developed certain patterns of behavior that manifest as harassment of her assistants, in order to hold off the inner panic and allow herself to feel powerful and omnipotent in her organization.The knowledge that the life of her assistants hinges on her whims and temperamental demands serves to allow Priestley to enjoy the sense of power that holds off her inner panic. While extraverts are able to easily forget and overcome things that overwhelm them, introverts have a highly developed memory and recall everything in acute and painful detail. This serves to explain

The Development of Architecture through the Different cultures Essay

The Development of Architecture through the Different cultures - Essay ExampleArchitecture is a visible indicator of the culture and beliefs of the people highlighting their qualities and abilities in life. Architectural designs serve the rules of order and argon responsible for improving the quality of life of the people and argon therefore a manifestation of the wishes of the society to be civilized. It helps in identifying the contrary beliefs and forms of art of the people in a specific period since architecture communicates the different qualities and principles that the designers had in mind as they were making the buildings. Architectural designs last for many years and are therefore part of the past culture as identified by the constructs that can be viewed in the present. The designs are delivered mainly through buildings and the environment making it possible to create new innovations and ideas in the gimmick and building of a new environment. It is a continuous process and changes over time due to the different characteristics and features that are present in a specific culture. Architects play around with space and aim to win over the space into a specific form given the equipment and level of advancement that is available. The Greeks has great buildings that were later select by the gamy Renaissance in Italy. This was mainly because of the humanist philosophy that had been adopted in the High Renaissance and was similar to the ancient civilization. It is therefore a roadmap to the different developments and milestones that have been witnessed in the world and in different cultures.

The Benefits of Stem Cell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Benefits of Stem Cell - research Paper ExampleSince stem cells are or soly embryonic in nature and are case-hardened as a xenograft, the rate of an implant rejection by the body is non very rare. A towering rate of differentiation of stem cells and their easy integration with the surrounding cell matrix has made this therapy very popular. Various clinical trials are in progress, ranging from the management of cancers- particularly in bone marrow regeneration, diabetes, clinical neurology and cardiovascular complications, to name a few. Stem cell therapy was, and still is of promising importance in the chemotherapy of trustworthy cancers. It is a well known fact that chemotherapeutic agents, being non selective in nature, destroy both, the tumorigenic as well as the healthy, viable cells. An immediate replenishment of these cells is involve in order to maintain optimal bodily functions, and this could be brought about by stem cell intervention, wherein the cells are deri ved from the embryonic placenta. This is the underlying precept of a bone marrow transplant. The marrow from a healthy donor supplies the viable hematopoietic stem cells to an immunocompromised individual who has low levels of these cells, due to either radiation or chemotherapy (Gonez and Knight). In this paper, I would kindred to discuss how stem cell research and transplantation techniques could be extended to patients diagnosed with Type I diabetes, the benefits and advantages versus the drawbacks, and the honourable issues one has to address while resorting to stem cell therapy. Type-1 Diabetes Type-1, Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile diabetes is an autoimmune disorder, in which the ?-cells of the islets of the Langerhans in the pancreas get affected or destroyed. As a closure, the levels of insulin secreted are extremely low. Since this hormone plays the most important role in the uptake of the monosaccharide glucose by the cells, its depletion or abse nce results in luxuriously levels of circulating blood glucose. This specification is called hyperglycemia, and if blood glucose levels are unregulated for a prolonged period of time, could result in fatalities. Since this is an autoimmune disorder in which the cells damaged completely, the only possible therapy in management of this condition is by delivering insulin through external sources, via injections or pumps. Drugs, which act on the ? cells of the pancreas in Type 2 diabetes, give be ineffective in type 1 diabetics, due to the lack of functional cells. A pancreatic transplant is one of the methods of addressing this issue, however, a minimum of 4 donor pancreas from brain dead volunteers are required in order for the process to have some success (Zhao et al.). Since the likelihood and feasibility entails many variables, it is not one of the sought after processes aimed at therapy. Current research could thus be aimed at restoring functionality of the damaged pancreatic tissue by means of a stem cell intervention, which could gradually regenerate these cells to self-produce this hormone. experimental studies demonstrate that xenografts, tissue stem cells and embryonic stem cells are considered as hot targets in aiming to dish out this condition. Pancreatic cells have a complex stimulus-response mechanism, depending on a multitude of factors such as activating of ion channels, sensitization of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, etc. Essentially, the 2 aspects that have to be taken into consideration are their efficiency to synthesize and house insulin, and the

The Money as the Appropriate Measure of the Policy Literature review

The Money as the assume Measure of the Policy - Literature review ExampleHowever it is incorrect to regard the money as the appropriate measure of the policy towards the increase in the interest rates, the interest rates are found on the supply of bonds, and rate of interest is regarded as the return on bonds, through bonds the evaluation of the fluidness effect can be exercised. The measurement of the money can be exercised through the non-borrowed reserves the aim of injecting the money cannot be achieved through the withdrawal of say, Treasury bills. The injection of money can also be exercised through the purchase of long-term bonds, and this is expected to develop an impact on the short-term rates.The bond trade risk of infection is associated with the occurrences when the agents allocate the funds towards the bond merchandise without any evaluation and analysis of the purchasing and foodstuffing price of the band afterward. Such concerns are imminent because asset mark ets are considered to be incomplete and segmented. The risk within the bond market based on the supply of the bonds is experienced when the agents and dealers are willing to localise their resources in the trade market. The buyers are the expected beneficiaries when the bond-supply shock is positive, the positive effect is based on the note prices of the bond as compared to the expected prices, and when the expected rate of return has been crossed. Therefore within the bond market business, the dealers are expected to make a good fortune, and any real consequences are distributional because the shock has prosperous some agents at the expense of others. The elaborateness and growth of the bond market are expected to read the time period associated with the downgrade within the bond market the time is considered to be the major dimension, and the expansion of the bond market is based on the relationship between the indicators and the downgrade. In the case of coin banks, the rela tion between the market indicators which include rating changes, abnormal stock returns, and the proportion of equity owned by institutional investors and bank insiders and supervisory information have failed to explain the supervisory assessments and bond ratings, and for this purpose, the equity indicators have been ignored. It was reported that the bond spreads with specially poor supervisory assessments reducing spreads and vice versa, therefore the market is based on the market cogitation i.e. supervisory assessments. It was investigated that market prices incorporate additional information as compared with the accounting variables, and therefore influence the ratings of the several(prenominal) bonds, however there is no variance in the future prospects and worth of the bond, it is the debt market indicators which have prognostic power to influence the performance and operations of the bond market.

Heath and Well Being Campaign Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

heathland and Well Being Campaign - Case Study ExampleIt also ensures that the environment is kept percipient by repairing faulty gargets and thus preventing pollution (Siegrist & Marmot 2004). It is also determined to provide leisure facilities like movies and telecasting games to provide entertainment to the society at large. Compuera mostly targets the young people between the ages of 16-35 and hence by providing leisure facilities, it helps the young people to stay away form dugs and other vices like crime.The following atomic number 18 the tasks selling of all home appliances, buying of second hand appliances, repair and replacement of worn come on parts in equipments, installation and service of electronic entertainment equipments like receivers, radios, television stereos and video cassette recorders. exam and calibrating and locating electronic faults in equipments through the use of instruments like meters, tuning and adjusting equipment and instruments to get maximum windup burdens and also reading and interpreting electronic circuit diagrams, drawings and service manuals to customers. The organisation also gives instructions to customers on how to use gargets at home safely. The organisation also offers training to individuals who are interested in attainment about home appliances repair and maintenance (Acheson 1998). The organisation upholds the following values support relationships, independence, achievements, initiative, self control, truth and persistence to mention just but a few.The organisation structure is made up of-Managing theater director He is the head of the company. He makes the key decisions concerning the organisation. He represents the company in all meetings (Waddell & Burton 2006).Human pick Manager He is in charge of recruiting, training, managing, dismissing and firing employees in the organisation. He is in charge in the welfare of the employees.Assistant manager He helps the managing director in making crucial dec isions concerning the organisation.Accounts manger They are in charge of all the financial transactions in the organisation.Technicians These makes the largest proportion of the organisation. They are involved in repairing, replacement and all the field work. They do all the manual work in the organisation.Other staffs let in cleaners, cooks, receptionist and security guards all of whom are important for the organisation to run smoothly and to have maximum productivity.In the past years, the company has had many cases of staff being sick and feeling unwell. As a result we have decided to come up with a campaign to promote the health and wellbeing of workers. The grow of this report is to come up with campaign strategy to promote Heath and Wellbeing of Compuera staff. Promotion of the wellbeing and health of staff yields a great deal in an organisation in terms of job satisfaction, change performance and productivity, increased commitment and reduced staff commitment. Every organi sation gains from having healthy workers.The pie chart downstairs on figure 1 represents the percentage of workers who were absent and the reasons behind it in the last four months. It is make headway and evident that a big percentage of wor

Recidivism Rates and Trends Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Recidivism Rates and Trends - Research Paper ExampleHe/she is supposed to be convicted again. Another reason for re-imprisonment results from the violation of parole or supervision practices as set out in the policies. Recidivism rate can be reduced by a successful integration of inmates into the society after their release from prison. harmonize to the president of John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Jeremy Travis, reintegration entails the connection of released prisoners and the community and the families they are returning to. According to the Second Chance Act of 2007, the released prisoners have the same right as the general population with affect to accessibility of social and economic resources and the exercise of their civil rights like voting and should not be victimised or discriminated. Support of the re-entering inmates by the broader community enhances their integration into the community smoothly. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, (2000), it is estimat ed that astir(predicate) 1600 state and federal prisoners are released into the community in a day. Though the prisoners anticipate this day when they call for their freedom suffer, most of them are faced with immense challenges of living in liberty in the streets after moving out of prison. Challenges faced by re-entering prisoners are caused by lack of proper integration mechanisms of the prisoners back in the society especially for those who have spent a lot of years in prison. much(prenominal) prisoners have been detached from the community and are not prepared for their life back in the society. stigmatization of ex-convicts poses problems of getting employment, housing and rejection from families and relative. Such people are more likely to engage in reoffending in substance abuse and inappropriate behaviors which affect the healthy life of the ex-convict and lead to rearrests. The cycles of removal and return of someone in prison increase the costs of maintaining and ru nning the correctional institutions which burden the public through impose (Beck, 2000).

Consumer law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Consumer law - search ExampleYou must take it in the condition in which you found it. This pleadment by itself does non shield the mete outer from liability. Under section 6(2)(a) of the Unfair Contract Terms puzzle out 1977, as against a person dealing as consumer, liability for breach of the obligations arising from section 13, 14 or 15 of the 1979 numeral (sellers implied undertakings as to conformity of goods with description or sample, or as to their quality or fitness for a particular purpose) cannot be excluded or restricted by reference to any contract term. relations as a Consumer is defined under section 12 of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977.1 An individual deals as a consumer when he neither makes the contract in the course of a railway line nor holds himself out as doing so the other party does make the contract in the course of a business. The second hand good was not bought in a public auction, and therefore the burden of proving that the leveraging was not made as a consumer lies on the seller either because the seller did not sell in the course of business or the buyer did buy or held out to buy in the course of business. The mere fact that Andy had paid the purchase price from his business score does not prolong to a conclusion that he was dealing in the course of business and not as a consumer. In fact, his intention was to use the car principally for shopping and collecting the children from school but he did expect occasionally to use it in his business for urgent collections and deliveries of materials.Under section 14(2A) of the 1979 Act, goods are of fitted quality if they meet the standard that a reasonable person would regard as satisfactory, taking account of any description of the goods, the price (if relevant) and all the other relevant circumstances. Furthermore, under section 14(2B), the quality of goods includes their state and condition and the following (among others) are in appropriate cases aspects of the quality of goodsThe description of the

The most common short term sources of finance that corporations use to Essay

The most common terse term sources of wages that corporations use to concede pays - Essay ExampleThis study looks into the short term finances that swear out in making a long term strategy for the business. They can be used to sacrifice for the salaries of the employees and other administrative costs. There are four most common short term sources of finance that a business uses to finance its expenses and they are1) Bank overdraft2) Short term loans3) Trade credit4) bargain of unused assetsIn todays modern era, every business maintains a bank trace of its own where it deposits the cash it receives from the barters generated by the business. As the businesses expand, the ratio of their cash sales ratio decreases to the credit sales ratio, because of which the businesses can face difficulties in paying their short term and immediate expenses such as paying salaries of their work and the heating bill. This is when the businesses ask their bank for an overdraft so that they ca n pay for their expenses. Bank overdraft is a form of loan given by the bank to its customers and businesses, where the customers and businesses are charged interest on the money spent by them. A nonher option that a business can reckon to pay for its expenditures and administrative costs is by arranging a short term loan from the bank. Any loan taken from the bank that has to be repaid within a year can be defined as short term loan. Trade credit is the number of days in which a business has to pay for the good it has received from the supplier. The number of days in which the payment has to be made for the business on the whole depends on the working relationship between the supplier and the buyer. If the buyer has been maintaining a good reputation and has ever being paying on time, the supplier may also go a little roaring on the buyer by giving him tolerable time to arrange for the funds. Most businesses only exercise this source of finance when all their sources of finan ce are have been used up. In this source of finance, funds are generated by selling unused set assets of a business or assets that the business is not making full use of, which may include extra machinery, buildings and vehicles. By selling the unused fixed assets, the business is able to generate enough funds to sustain its requirements. In 2010, LukOil used four sources of finance to meet their requirements which were, Trade Credit, Sale of investments, Sale of property and Sale of its subsidiary companies. To generate funds to meet its short term obligations, LukOil had to sell its short term investments, which included bonds and other cash equivalents. In addition to that, LukOil also sold some of its subsidiary companies to generate enough cash for the companionship so that they bustt have to arrange for a bank overdraft or short term loans to pay for the expenses. The company also sold some of its property that it had bought long time back for expanding purposes, in order to generate cash to meet the short term obligations of the company. On the other hand, the primary sources of finance that were used by Premier oil to finance its expenses were Trade Credit, Sale of unused assets and Sale of investments. Premier oil asked their suppliers to fit the payment time given to them so that they meet their other short term expenses first, and then, when they have enough funds, the suppliers will be paid. This helped in solving the problem of meeting short term obligations for Premier Oil. some other source through which Premier Oil arranged for funds to meet its short term obligations was sale of its unused fixed assets, the assets that the company had in surplus. This included sale

To regulate or not to regulate the Internet Research Paper

To work or not to regulate the Internet - Research Paper ExampleMany politicians and personal credit linees have besides embraced the profit in order to sell a better image of themselves to the public. Politicians use the internet for their campaigns because it has some(prenominal) users and these will be able to access the message easily, which the politicians are trying to pass across. Businesses on the otherwise hand are using the internet not only for advertising their products but also for transactions between them and their customers. However, despite the good that the internet has brought, there are also some very catty activities that go on within it, which have raised a great debate concerning internet ordination in many an(prenominal) countries (Yang 359). In this paper therefore, we shall look at some of the reasons why the internet should be regulated and why it should not be regulated on the goernmental and business arena. It is our belief that the internet shou ld indeed be regulated in the political and business arena, in particular in the latter. In the business arena, the internet should be regulated because there are so many businesses, which conduct their activities through the internet, and many do this without any form of government oversight. This means that some businesses might give false reading about their products online and after the customer pays for them, he finds that he receives a product of lesser quality from what he paid for. Furtherto a greater extent, it is easy for false business websites to be set up online with the intention of defrauding those people who get along into their clutches of their money. Online payment methods have made it easier for people to lose their money to false business schemes and to celebrate such things from happening governments all over the world should cope steps to regulate the business activities that take place on the internet to protect their citizens. There should also be inte rnet regulations on the political arena because even though the freedom of expression is a fundamental right to all, some politicians list to propagate agendas which may be harmful to other people either within their own countries or without. For example, when some politicians propagate racist views online claiming that their own race or ethnic group is far more superior to all the others. If a politician in a multiethnic and multicultural society does this, and so there is a possibility that his statements will most likely cause friction between the ethnic groups in this society. To prevent this, the government of such a society should put very strict regulations especially on websites, which encourage disunity within the society, and those who run such sites should be prosecuted and given stiff sentences to discourage others from doing the similar (Wu 24 43). Governments should therefore take steps to ensure that content from the political arena is regulated over the internet because political news tends to spread very fast online and it is never known who will be able to access it and what its precise consequences will be. The capability of internet service providers to self-regulate is very much undefendable to question because the internet is so wide and encompasses the entire world and it would be very difficult for a single internet service provider to be able to regulate it. There is however, some countries, such as the United Kingdom, where internet service

Improving the quality of life for mutiple sclerosis patients using the Essay

Improving the quality of life for mutiple induration patients using the nursing-based home visting model - turn out ExampleThe paper has identified the population under study as the people who live in Arulcara, have been treated with multiple sclerosis, are between zero and eighteen years, and have been registered with the multiple sclerosis association (Akkus, & Akdemir, 2012). This is an efficient description although it has non identified the total number of people who are in the population. The study has not also identified the sampling design that it used to determine the members of the association who were to be included in the sample (Polit, & Beck, 2013). The research only identifies the number of participants who were included in the sample to be fifty eight. The research used a power analysis to determine the sample size, and this analysis indicated that cardinal five patients under study were supposed to provide a power of 90% (Akkus, & Akdemir, 2012). Since the study d id not identify the total number of participants in the population, it is impossible to conclude whether the sample size was representative of the completely population. However, since the study indicates that all the patients were literate, it means that the illiterate victims of the disease were not represented.According to Akkus and Akdemir (2012), the study used both methods of data collection that include a general questionnaire and a symptom evaluation form. The investigator issued the questionnaire and the symptom form to the patients who then filled them by answering the questions. The research indicates that the questions that patients did not understand were either rectify or excluded from the questionnaire (Akkus, & Akdemir, 2012). The exclusion of misunderstood questions may mean that the information given was insufficient and unreliable.The investigators also notice the patients during all the visits, but the study does not indicate whether they recorded their

A research on the issues of the black urban experience according to steven gregory Essay Example for Free

A inquiry on the issues of the black urban experience according to steven gregory EssayCritical Reading Assignment 3Chapter 5 Race and the Politics of PlaceGregory, Steven (1999) Chapter 5 Race and the Politics of Place, in Black Corona, Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 109-138.The researchers conducted this study in order to challenge the depictions of the black urban experience in the media, academics, and public polity debates, which the author does frequently throughout the study. In this portion of the study, Gregory focuses on the struggles that black Lefrak city residents to disrupt the inactive stereotypes alluding to race, disgust, and space in everyday politics. To conduct this research, Steven Gregory, an anthropologist, uses ethnography methods including open-ended interviews, participant observation in neighborhoods and governmental meetings, and archival research to collect the data used in this study. He interviews various residents and political me mbers from this subject area and attends a meeting involving the Neighborhood Stabilization Committee and federation Board 4. The study takes orchestrate in the Corona neighborhood of Queens, New York, specifically in the Lefrak City are home to many African Americans residents as well as people from many other backgrounds.In this study, Gregory points out the struggles that Black Lefrak City residents had in disrupting the lingering stereotypes about, race, crime, and space in everyday politics. He explains how this area of Corona was viewed as a threat to the quality of life in the surrounding areas, which provides a link to urban decline and crime to black welfare dependency (Gregory 111 1999). He focuses on struggles in the representation of identity and the meaning of place with the distribution of political power. As evidence, Gregory interviews and observes Edna Baskin, an African American woman eager to get involved and wee a political organization to counteract these st ereotypes and give black citizens from this area representation in the topical anesthetic politics. She establishes the organization called the Concerned Community Adults, where she would help inform residents of neighborhood issues. She faced many struggles in doing this, however, and was express to be rubbing against the grain (Gregory 118 1999) while trying to promote her organization and get involved with the Community Board, made up of mostly white participants. Gregory talks about other problems this organizations faced, and the successes it achieved later on.This research has strengths in its overall comprehensiveness of the issues that Gregory is discussing. The topic he tries to tackle is very complex, and he does a good personal credit line at trying to try to explain the overall issues of the research. However, Gregory could organize his work in a carriage that is easier to comprehend that helps understand the overall concepts and issues he is focusing on in the resear ch. He also solely discusses in depth sensation example of the struggles that one area of this community faces. I believe that it would be interesting to instead compare the many different struggles that different areas of the community have and relate them to one another. It would be interesting to see the similarities and the differences between the different areas of this community.

The Great War career of Field Marshal Douglas Haig Essay Example for Free

The abundant War career of theme Marshal Douglas Haig EssayConsidered assess ment of the Great War career of orbital cavity Marshal Douglas Haig.Douglas Haig was appointed as commander of the BEFs 1st Army Corps at the outbreak of World War unitary in 1914 with Sir John cut as Commander in Chief of the British Army. By the end of 1915 it became probable that Sir John French was ill-suited to the role and Douglas Haig replaced him as Commander-in-Chief.Haig became one of the most controersial figures in multitude sassys report statement with tag- filiations such as the onlycher of the Somme and an incompetent leader be the most associated with him. His tough and decisive lead style with apparent little compassion to the huge amounts of British deaths during World War One sterilise him one of the most debated individual in floor with varying views of his leadership style.It is widely believed that Haig was unwilling to cause reinvigorated ideas but stick to his handed- waste, military experience with reluctance to hear new ideas and recommendations. Major Desmond Morton who served as one of Haigs adjutants s serve He (Haig) hated being told any new information, however irrefutable, which militated against his preconceived ideas or beliefs. This reliable source that make water systems an insight to the leadership of Haig goes on to say that John Charteris was being a creeper to Haig and although he was anincredibly bad head of discussion, Haig favoured him because he was conservative of the truth and always concea guide bad news, or put it in an agreeable light. This is backed up by world-wide Sir James Marshall-Cornwall who said that One of the faults of Haigs nature was that he trusted too completely some(prenominal) of his immediate subordinates.This is supported by the autobiography Learning Site who says that Haig had little time for new military ideas and was steeped in the ways that he knew-conventional tactics. His accounti ng as a cavalry commander enforces this quote of Haig sticking to what he knew best and an inability to harken to new ideas or react to a changing situation-essential characteristics of a cavalry commander. Further criticism to Haigs inability to listen to new ideas is given by Liddell Hart when he states that Haig fai direct in his poor receptivity of ideas.However, some people hold the view that Haig and the other generals in The Great War were receptive to new ideas and did tilt tactics. The BBC History site says that it is non true, as some deem, that British Generals and troops simply stared uncomprehendingly at the crisp wire and trenches, in reality, the Western Front was a hotbed of innovation as the British and their allies and enemies experimented with new approaches. Whilst non directly talking about Haig, this does imply that although Haig may not nurse been the most experimental leader, despite this view it did not impact on the experimenting of new ideas that took place within the Army. Mike sharpen would agree with this evaluation of Haig when he wrote the fact is that British tactics developed considerably during the war.The disastrous rootageborn twenty-four hours of the Battle of the Somme settlemented in huge amounts of analysis and blame put on the event with complex interpretations. With 19,240 soldiers being killed on the first day alone it was one of the most costly battles in the history of warfare.The programning and conducting of the battle of Somme by Field Marshal Haig has in addition been subjected to criticism and evaluation. As Commander in Chief of the British Army, Haig is responsible for the welfare and safety of all British Soldiers and this has primarily led to the massive criticism of Haig regardless of Haigs direct actions.A Battle of the Somme timeline compiled by gommecourt.co.uk says that on the 23rd January 1916 whilst preparing for the preliminary attacks on a 20,000 yard front on the Somme to commen ce on 20th April, General Joseph Jaques Cesaire Joffre, Commander in Chief of the French Army suggested to Haig wearing down attacks prior to the main joint offensive outset on 20th April and the other in May. However, the source goes on to say that Haig lowers the curriculum. Whilst this may not be an extremely surprising quote it does present a unreassuring situation.Dennis Wheatley who served during the Great War wrote that He (Haig) had a rooted dislike of the French and was not even a second rate general. It presents an extremely worrying possibility that Haigs personal feelings and attitudes could have led to poor decisions and the loss of many innocent lives. The rejection of the French plan is also a further example of both his decisive leadership and his inability to listen to advice and recommendations. This also shows that Haigs readying of attacks are of an extremely dictatorial nature with a strong comprehend that his traditions of leadership should be withheld reg ardless of any interventions.Later on in this timeline, Haig replies to Joffre again on 10th April 1916 to again reject another of his ideas and on the same day, Haig received a revised plan from Rawlinson suggesting a long weapon perpetration rather than Haigs preferred hurricane natural spring. Communication during Haigs supply of the Battle of the Somme has also been under scrutiny later on GHQ writes to Rawlinson that it was not clear whether his attack or that of the Second Army at Messines would start first . Both communications and Haigs decisions were disputed during the timeline of events, creating a picture of a dictatorial, private ruler who precious to plan the British attacks by himself, using traditional methods and without any assistance, information or ideas.PW Turner and RH Haigh wrote that the planning of the Somme campaign was ham-fisted and clumsy. The fault for the failure of most of the strategic planning must fall on Haig. They hold the view that the failu re in planning for the Somme was not due to communications or nonsensical decisions but of national and personal pride and that Haig and his generals must have some spectacular victory to institute how right they were. The historians conclude that Haig promised victory and failed. This account holds the view that Haig was fulfilling his role of winning the war. He was a traditional leader in the sense that he was given an order (to win the war) and he was to complete that working class at whatever cost.Martin sarin gave a somewhat more favourable view to the plan that Haig draw up. Gilbert believed that Haig made a logical plan to wear out the enemy and exhaust his reserves and then prepare for a decisive attack made with the objective of piercing the enemy lines. Gilbert the goes on to explain how Haig elaborated and made it extremely clear that it was to be a decisive account similar to his leadership. Haigs plan went on to detect that once the Germans had been worn down and used up their reserves-but not until then-a mass of troops would be thrown in at some points where the Enemy has show himself to be weak with the definite objective to break through and win victory . Gilberts view of Haigs planning is of an hopeful plan by Haig with clear and logical objectives.Norman careen agrees with Gilbert that Haigs plan was logical but points out that Haigs information and intelligence operation from the Somme was flawed. Stone explains how Haig still imagined that the German line could be breached and cavalry could spud through the gap, but it could have been poured more effectively elsewhere. Stone simply explains that the solidification of the German line in 1914 along ridges allowed their guns a greater advantage and gave them the benefit of earth less likely to device into mud. Stone concludes that the most Haig could do would be to take those ridges. Although the Brittish war industry was rapidly expanding to capabilities able to make thousands of guns and millions of shells able to launch a flood Haig did not trust his mens capacity, and Hereford relied on crushing bombardment. Stone points out that he believed this was probably the error in the planning of the Somme.After the catastrophic first day of the battle, questions were being asked about wherefore to continue with the battle, why should Haig risk another 20,000 British lives? Martin Gilbert says that the Germans knew that the British would not give up. It was part of the British spirit and would not honour the 20,000 already killed to simply give up. It also didnt comply with Haigs determination to fulfil his task of winning the war.Questions regarding the planning of the battle also arose- why was the wire not cut? Why were the Germans still alive after such heavy bombardment? Was it an British failure of a German success and who should ultimately be blamed for the deaths of so many innocent soldiers? Some people like Desmond Morton believe that figures such as John Carteris who was head of intelligence was incredibly bad and sycophant nature of his relationship with Haig led to incorrect predictions that formed Haigs plans.The overestimated results of the British bombardment by British generals is extremely clear by Martin Gilberts description of what British soldiers had to lend and what they were expecting. They carried a endure with fixed bayonet, between 170 and 220 rounds of small arms, 2 grenades, a waterproof cape(although it was a beautiful summers day), two sandbags, a steel helmet, two gas helmets, a pair of google against tear gas, a first aid field dressing and iodine, waterproof groundsheet, filled water bottle, haversack, mess tin, towel, shaving kit, bare socks, message book, uneaten rations, extra cheese, one preserved and one iron ration. In addition 40% would carry shovels and 10% would carry picks and one battalion was given a tin of grey paint each. This resulted in about cardinal pounds of equipment.Historian G eneral Edmonds wrote the weight of this equipment made it difficult t get out of a trench, unrealistic to move much quicker than a slow walk or to rise and lie down quickly Historian Peter Liddle agrees with this conclusion adding thousands of men offering so bulky and slow-moving a target would crumple to the ground quickly enough but would not rise at all, neer mind quicklyIn addition to this, a planned stun tactic was used to aggrandize mines in front of German trenches two minutes forrader the assault but this resulted in craters being formed allowing the Germans to occupy these craters, install machine guns and deliver devastating fire upon the British Army. The overestimation of the success of the bombardment by Haig resulted in the false expectations of British soldiers to be able to simply walk crossways no-mans land and create the beginning of the end of the Great War. This is evident in Martin Gilberts long list of issued equipment-40% of men carried a shovel obvious ly for digging trenches, 2 sandbags each to protect their trenches, rations and groundsheets to be able to close off overnight during their long advance. If the British generals had correctly estimated the effects if the bombardment, British soldiers would not have gone over the top and 20,000 lives could have been spared.Personally, I believe the initial failure of the battle of the Somme was down to the leadership and intelligence of the British generals. Soldiers trusted them for the correct information that would lead to the overall success of the battle-in reality false predictions led to the slaughter of thousands of innocent lives. Haigs continuation of the battle led to the monumental and historical introduction of the tank and the ultimate victory over the Germans.The planning of the offence in Passchendaele was viewed by Stone to have made sense that Haig wanted to advance in Flanders. Stone explains that the German position was strong with height, the Messines ridge and could fire at Ypres from the side. It also allowed the British to deal with the submarine base at Zeebrugge. Stone believed that the British regular army was very strong with millions of shells and considerable experience with the kind of bombardment that might loosen the defence. The problem of the water table at Passchendaele resulted in near certain considerable amounts of mud whenever it rained or was churned up by shell. Although eventual success occurred following the explosion of the Messines ridge on 7th June the initial success lured the generals into adventureDisaster arose when Haig threw away the advantage. Stone says that there was an extraordinary interval before the next British attack.during which the German defences were strengthened and allowed the Germans to install pill boxes in which heavy machine-guns were placed. Therefore, it becomes clear that the initial planning of Passchendaele was extensive and proved a huge success but the resulting actions from Haig led to a catastrophic German rebound as a direct consequence of the leadership of Haig.The 21st March 1918 dictum a large German bombardment starting at 440 am and lasted until 940 pm. It resulted in a million shells being fired and a British retreat over the old Somme battlefield to the French town of Amiens. Later in the year when German reserves were disrupted, Norman Stone describes how Rawlinson, Monash and Currie had to persuade Haig to not persist with the attack beyond a few days.J Rickard wrote that during the planning of the Battle of Amiens, Haig had directed General Rawlinson, to prepare for an attack on the salient. He goes on to explain that Rawlinson developed a plan fro a tank battle. Rawlinson had a multi-national army with American, Australian, Canadian and British divisions. Interestingly, Haig was also given control of the French first-year Army. However, Haig launched a second attack further nothing, using the Third Army. The purpose of this attack known as t he battle of Bapaume, was to force the Germans back to the line of the somme. This attack began n 21 August.the British advance pressure the Germans to retreat to the Somme. The battle of Amiens gives an example of times when Haigs leadership proved to be successful. Although Haig used the same methods of leadership as he did at the Somme and Passchendaele, the decisive, stubborn approach was required here to drive the Germans back at a time when the German defence was at its weakest, the perfect conditions for the leadership of Haig.The National Archives describe how the final German assault which started in the Spring of 1918 very nearly succeeded. The final German assault, which culminated in the Spring of 1918, very nearly succeeded. American forces were vital in holding the line but it was the British who took the lions share of territory and prisoners, no doubt in part thanks to Haigs still inspiring leadership. However, questions have now been asked as to whether Haig nearl y settled for a compromise with the Germans. Nick Allen wrote for the Daily Telegraph thatHaig didnt advance how weak German forces were towards the end and wanted to settle for a compromise, according to Dr J P Harris, old lecturer in War Studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Dr Harris said He wanted to offer the Germans very, very, easy ceasefire terms in late 1918.That could have left Germany with its armed forces, including its artillery, and its territorial gains in Eastern Europe intact.The end of World War One on 11th November 1818 was a result of many factors that all came together. The arrival of fresh troops from America in the summer of 1918 gave the allied forces a very large advantage. History on the Net explains how The German commander Erich Ludendorff (right) was a brilliant military commander and had won decisive victories over Russia in 1917 that led to the Russian withdrawal from the war.In 1918 he proclaimed that if Germany was to win the war then the allies had to be defeated on the Western Front before the arrival of American troops.The British Naval Blockade led to food shortages in Germany and subsequent protests on the streets of Berlin. October 1918 saw the resignation of German commander Ludendorff and a naval mutiny. Kaiser Wilhelm II then abdicated on November eighth 1918 and an armistice was signed on November 11th 1918.The controversial leadership of Field Marshal Haig throughout the Great War is subject to so many different views and opinions by different historians, making an informed legal opinion on his leadership is extremely challenging. However, I do believe that the infamous catastrophic first day of the Somme was down to poor intelligence, predictions and overestimation. Men were sent to their deaths in appalling conditions whilst I do not think that Haig was solely to blame, I do believe that his distinct leadership style was not suited to the planning of the Somme and as commander in chief he does have overall responsibility for the safety and offbeat of all men in the Army.However, his leadership style fitted the circumstances of the final year of the great war. 1918 saw circumstances requiring decisive, quick and dictatorial actions at a time when German defences were weak and rapid advancements needed to be made. Haig played an incredibly important role in the final year which ultimately led to allied victory along with the help of the fresh American soldiers.In Conclusion, I believe that Field Marshal Haig had an incredibly unique leadership style that only fitted the final phases of the war. The inability to listen to new ideas and dictatorial style during the Battles of Somme and Passchendaele I believe led to the deaths of tens of thousands of innocent soldiers. Poor intelligence also contributed to the gigantic disaster of the first day of the Somme. Whilst Haig has a duty to take responsibility forthe deaths of British soldiers I surely believe that a number of factors contribute to both the successes and failures of the Great War and no single person or factor can take overall responsibility.

Quitting Cigarettes Essay Example for Free

Quitting Cigarettes Essay atomic number 18 you a smoker? Do you know anyone who smokes and struggles with quitting consume? I am credible to explain the touch on of quitting the bad habit of sens because I myself was a smoker for five years and quit crisp turkey. The first thing you must acknowledge when deciding to quit smoking is to quit for your own in effect(p) and not for your girlfriend or your parents. The second ill-use would be to rethink the advantages and disadvantages of smoking. At decease, the final step to quitting smoking is to stay strong and consistent to your decision.The basic step of quitting smoking is recognizing the fact that you want to quit. You should never force yourself to do something you dont want to or not ready for. If the reason you youre trying to quit is because your girlfriend is asking you too, then it willing not go bad very yearn until she functions you ticked off and youll start smoking again. Same concept with anyone else such as your parents or even your friends, the fleck someone gets on your bad side youll be doing the same thing you were. I know, because I prepare experienced trying to quit for the satisfaction of my ex-girlfriend and it didnt work, the moment we broke up I began smoking again. So it is extremely great that you quit for your own self and not one elses.The next important step is to think about the advantages of smoking. You get to relax for a hardly a(prenominal) minutes, take a few drags, get a slight head change for a moment and take some centering off your mind. Now think of the disadvantages of smoking cigarettes. Your body wellness is endangered with chances of different kinds of cancers and diseases. Your immune corpse is lowered and you risk of getting sick more often. You spend a huge amount of coin on packs of cigarettes a month, which you could use to pay some bills or get something nice to eat. The money you will later be spending in life on health bills, for doctor visits for your bad health conditions cigarettes put you through. Youre always easily tempered because of lack of nicotine in your body, causing stress on your mind and body.If you think about comparing the advantages and disadvantages of smoking it will be easier for you to quit. The final step of quitting smoking isnt so idle if you have been smoking for a long period of time. Remember last time you tried quitting smoking what made you to start again? Was it the alcohol you consumed that made you crave a cigarette so much or did someone get you upset? The fact is you must mark to control your actions and to be able to say no to the things you know you shouldnt do. If you stay consistent with heavy yourself you dont want or need the harmful cancer stick, eventually will get easier. The more days you stay strong to resist the craving, the easier it gets further into the future. Also replacing your bad habits with repair ones is also a great way to stay away from the harmful ones .Quitting smoking seams like an easy form to those whom never have been hooked on smoking. When I was younger I didnt insure what addiction of smoking was until I tried quitting many times. It took me many tries until I figured out the process to quit smoking. The first step is to quit for you and not for anyone else. The second step is to compare the advantages to the disadvantages of smoking and handgrip in mind that there are so many more disadvantages tosmoking then the advantages. The last step is to stay consistent with your good choice decision and stay away from the bad habit. unspoiled luck to you

English Language Learners Essay Example for Free

face Language Learners Es hypothesizeIn this newspaper publisher we exit explain the theory behind English language savants, and give the benefits Of the program. cardinal will depute how important it is to practice and or adopt this program as a teacher. In the scenario the teacher was caught remove guard he know nothing about using, programs to help him teach the new student. When the student world-class came into school there should down been an assessment as to how much the child knew. As the child came into the classroom the environment should have made her feel comfortable and safe to explore. The teacher stated that he was bilk because he did not understand the student native language. As after five months he didnt know if the student was learning anything. The child would only nod her head or look at him to let him know she understood.The teacher needs to know the stages of oral language development which atomic number 18 the interest and the descriptions 1. T he silent period- The student whitethorn smile, beat hand gestures, point at what they want and not say a word. This stage could give out 10 hours, up to six months. 2. The early production stage- This stage could last up to another six months and what also could be expected is simple yes or no answer. At this stage one is not looking for complete conversation. 3. Speech emergences stage- This stage may last up to another year. In the stage the students are able to answer question in complete sentences however, they may make grammatical errors. 4. Intermediate stage- the student is able to make statements and answer in complete sentences.They are also able to give their own opinion, if they dont understand they will make authorized they understand what you are asking and or saying. 5. Advance stage- This student is able to speak in wide-eyed sentences and write without making grammatical errors. This student washbowl speak as well as an English speaking person. Reading the scen ario I was concerned with Mikhail, he had been in the United States for deuce years and have not yet learned the grammar on his grade level. The teacher states that Mikhail is very well liked and can understand English very well but has poor writing skills. The teacher has no liking what to do next. ACTION PLANThe action plan will be a plan get up for all levels of ELLS learners. It will help new students that have not been in an English language learners class. It will also help student that have been in the United States for over two years. The prototypical action plan that we are going to do to reduce the effective filtering (anxiety level) the reason for this is to make the students feel comfortable.The more at ease the student is the more the student will learn. The students that are first time comers need to know that the teacher is there for them and they dont have to second guess. scaffolding would be one of the activities to help with effective filtering. SHOW AND TELL- This activity is a great example of scaffolding. The teacher would go first so that the students would know how it is to be done.One could show them how to speak clear so that every student understands what theyre saying, it creates a great deal of vocabulary. In doing the show and tell it will allow you to get background on your students. This will allow you to develop a successful lesson plan. Lesson patternK-12VOCABULARY/WRITINGFish in a bowlMaterialsFish BowlPensOBJECTThe aim of this lesson is to have the students listening, reading and writing. HOW TO PLAYEach student will write a question on paper and put it into the fish bowl. Each student has to put in two question each. One would have to take a paper out of the fish bowl, and read the question and read it in front of the class during this time every one is quite.There are 6 to 10 students sit in a circle. Once all of the question are pulled and answered, they are put into a smaller group to talk amongst themselves to se e how it feels to answer the questions. This activity will give the students listening, writing, reading and speaking activity. In this paper one has shown the importance of English Language Learners. One have shown that this program can be used by every level of English language learner.ReferenceChrome.google.com/webstore/category/extensions?hl=en-USutm_source=chrome-ntp-launcherhttp//www.edutopia.org/ intercommunicate/scaffolding-lessons-six-strategies-rebecca-alber Syrja, R.C. (2011). How to reach and teach English language learners Practical strategies to ensure success. San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass. http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=-B0B0KWqGMI

Designing aquestionnaire Essay Example for Free

Designing aquestionnaire EssayAbove is an prototype of an multi choice radio button question that I got off the internet, I think again this is a quick and booming type of serveing as it is quick and easy and would not put quite a little off by thinking they mystify to spend a lot of time writing, as alone they have to do is to tick boxes. Beneath it is an example of a mutli choice way of answering, where all you have to do is choose from a list of wanes by clicking on the drop down and scrolling down and pickaxe the answer. The only disadvantage with this type of answering is that people have to choose an answer from the list and cannot read an original answer them selves.After looking at my research and all of the different types of layouts for questions on a questionnaire I have decided to try and incorporate some of them into my own, giving my questionnaire a variety of questions. I have decided to design a questionnaire for hairdressers about to open in the area. Th e main objectives of it are to deal whether people think there is need for new hairdressers and whether they would use it. I will develop my questionnaire in draft each time editing and improving them. I am going to look at information about the types of questions in a questionnaire and look at some of the types of answers eg, multi-choice.I will carriage my research by looking on the Internet and looking examples of original questionnaires. Below is a take in of a questionnaire that I found on the Internet. I went onto a collage website and found a questionnaire that is accessible for students to fill in. it has many different types of questions and different way of answering them. Most of the questions just have answer tick boxes but some had select from list e. t. c The answer boxes are customisable scales, bad good, and 1-5. I think this type of questionnaire is good as it can be completed fairly quickly and is easy to understand.

Media Portrayal of Women in Sports Essay Example for Free

Media Portrayal of Women in Sports EssayThe softwood media and all its comp cardinalnts deal of all time played an essential role in shaping the steering society views and thinks virtually certain issues and shells. The slip influence, which boob tube receiver shows, piano tuner shows and former(a)(a) mediums of mass media abide on their audiences, go widely unchecked by the professionals involved in that electron orbit and by society in general. The effects could be damaging and all told maladaptive and yet only a few organizations and individuals take on the role of serving as the counterchecking department of the products of this industry. sensation of the many fields into which mass media shake off dipped their fingers into is the field of sports. What little heed is given to the effects of mass media on society is foc utilise on childrens shows, violence-related topics and religion-based issues. The field of sports has been comparatively untouched by those wh o monitor the mass media. The public has mainly stood by and accepted the information and flair of presentation that mass media has taken with regards to sports.This type of attitude has developn to be increasingly damaging to women in particular. Sports has become a highly gender-based field. Despite efforts to assimilate women into the discordant games and competitions, it has become increasingly evident, despite the inadequacy of monitoring organizations, that mass media has non gone beyond the days of bias towards women in sports. There argon still many issues that need to be addressed in terms of how television, radio, magazines, newspapers, and other such media score come to portray women professionals in the field of sports.How does mass media affect the way their audiences perceive women athletes and other womanly sports professionals? What steps can be taken to correct wrong practices in this field? This paper aims to termination these questions as well as to spe cifically understand the way mass media has shown females involved in various sports activities and whether there truly is reason for these women to be concerned.Television Coverage of Women in Sports Of all the instruments of mass media obtainable today, the television set is perhaps the most successful and most popular. It has invaded the living spaces of almost all homes oecumenic and is able to communicate to its audience in actually much more than than modalities than that offered by other instruments of mass media. It likewise allows for reporting of events at the exact moment the said event occurs. Research regarding how women have been portrayed by dint of the medium of television has been much more numerous as opposed to research on act via other mediums. The literature regarding this research has shown that women in sports have been greatly marginalized and stereotyped. The following section willing grok deeper into this aspect of mass media coverage in sports. The most encompassing research by dint of on television coverage of women in sports may be that of Higgs Weiller (1994). They conducted a research to assess gender bias in the television coverage of the 1992 Olympic games. The two researchers found much to disappoint the many women athletes involved in the said games as well as all other women who were just as concerned about womens rights, equality of the sexes, and politically correct representation of males and females in different fields. Commentators of the different events in the Olympic games were noted to most commonly use terms such as girl babe and spectator to refer to the women competitors whereas none of the male competitors were referred to as boy even when the contestant was obviously of a truly young age. Also, strength and weakness descriptions and allusions were all the way gender-biased. Men in swimming were lauded for their strokes whereas female swimmers would receive comments such as a powerhouse of a st roke from a 16-year old girl. There were clearly ways by which the commentators were able to inject their own prejudiced views of the genders of the competitors. There were also findings pointing to the fact that events wherein males competed were expose for longer times than those where females competed. Time differentials were noted for each event and there was a noted world-shaking difference for each. This was applicable for such sports as basketball, volleyball, and the likes. Although individual events such as gymnastics were prone to have more airtime dedicated to women athletes, these were highly edited and sometimes even spliced together. Each broadcast was also done with use of narratives. This was to draw the audience deeper into the mood of the game. However, researchers found that games with men contestants were broadcast with narratives of competition and strength. Women contestants, on the other hand, were often accompanied by aroused narratives pertaining to the athletes aspirations and the achievement of these with their success in the particular event they were entered in. If emotional narratives were not used by the television broadcasters, none at all were go outd. It was either emotional or not at all. It is therefore, a well-known fact that ambivalence in reporting of womens sports on television exists. There is a denial of power for women in this particular type of mass media. Although women athletes are equally as capable and equally as competent as their male counterparts, this is not attribute by professionals reporting their games. Where women have been noted for their involvement in sports, negative allegations and prejudiced reporting have served to undermine the efforts of these athletes.Radio Coverage of Women in Sports Radio coverage of women in sports has also been one of the more devastating instruments of undermining womens efforts and women participation in various sports activities. The radio set, however, is less of a weapon of the mass media at present than the television set. The radio set does not cater to the visual modality of its audiences and as such may prove less of a weapon. However, it is also advantageous because reporting of the white event can occur at the same time that the actual event occurs. This means that up-to-the-minute, live coverage is possible. However, airing time on the radio set is significantly less for sports events than that on television sets. The vast percentage of non-recognition that goes on in television broadcasting of women participation in sports is thus multiplied by great factors on the radio set. Only limited numbers of sports are chosen to be account and reviewed over the radio and most, if not all, of these are male-dominated sports.Sporting events that are not action-packed, that do not provide the reporter with a message full of strength, adrenaline, and passion are not marketable on the radio waves. And because of the trend and well-established fad of reporting male events and male athletes with narratives involving competition, strength, and passion, these are the events that radio broadcasters and radio networks focus on.Women-dominated sports and women athletes prove to be less of a popular choice of broadcasting for professionals in the radio industry as these gives them, to their perception, with a softer story that is not full of the characteristics they look for in reportable stories and which audiences will not much favor or listen to. Thus the perception that male athletes and male-dominated sporting events will have more popularity than their counterparts.Publication Coverage of Women in Sports Another instrument used in mass media are magazines and other similar published sources. These cater only to the audiences visual modalities and are not able to give strait feedback. Also, publications such as newspapers and magazines are only able to give a reporting of the event subsequently a period of time has elapse d. It cannot be given during the time the actual event occurs. A affect time for writers, photographers, layout artists, editors, publishers and other personnel involved in the production process is required. Thus newspapers come one day after the events have occurred and magazines are released at particular time intervals within the year monthly, quarterly, annually, and the like. A study by Hardin et al (2005) showed that women were often portrayed as sexually different even in sports magazines. Sexually different in sports can mean the portrayal of women as dissimilar. This can be shown through the presentation of sport type in the said magazine or given publication. This could be shown in a manner such that women, who participate in sporting events wherein women are not usually include as competitors, are either excluded or represented as masculine. However, it has been seen that certain sporting magazines have been very generous to the female component of sporting activities. However, this balance is only present in magazines that have been make up through the efforts of staff that were consciously assured of the disparity in gender reporting of sports events. These magazines are, more commonly, actively fighting for womens equality in this field. As such, they are few and not representative in the publishing industry. It should be acknowledged, however, that such magazines were launched and that these were successful in their goals. Perhaps this will provide the much required gender-equality into the field of sports and mass media. Although these types of magazines form the minority in published mass media, they offer hold and get on out a cry of challenge to their colleagues, a cry for gender-equality and female liberation from the marginalization and disempowerment occurring in their field.Conclusion The large discrepancies in sports portrayals of women athletes has been seen to be significant in all mediums of mass media specifically that of th e television set, the radio set, and published sources. Women have been marginalized, stereotyped, and stripped of power through the way these mass media instruments have been used to represent their participation in sports activities. However, no matter how anyone looks at it, this type of portrayal is unwarranted and unnecessary. Women have just as much talent, skill and capability as their male counterparts. The efforts they exert in recount to actively and competently engage in their given sporting event is equally similar to that which males exert. The variance and stress they undergo during training and during the actual competition are just as nerve-wracking and outwear as that which male athletes experience. In all respects, female athletes should be considered and hailed as equal to male athletes. However, this has not been the case. Mass media, whether through television, radio, or magazines, has proven to be unforgiving and thoughtless in bringing arbiter to the effor ts of women athletes. There is a great need for change and renewal in the way mass media portrays females. One of the best first steps towards a give way and more fair portrayal of women in sports is by actively disseminating information about the marginalization and disempowerment that is occurring. Most audiences and most reporters are perhaps so level(p) down to the hegemony of sports and mass media that they are no longer aware when stereotypical remarks are made on air. Knowledge of the fact that sports is for both females and males and that both sexes are equally capable of succeeding in this field must be spread. Without awareness, there is no chance for gender issues to be resolved in this field. It would, perhaps, also be constructive for organizations and bodies to be set up that would monitor the violations to womens rights that occur during broadcasting of sporting events. This would help to check the prejudiced actions and comments of those involved in the mass media i ndustry. This would also make other individuals aware that what is currently going on is not acceptable and that there is a growing need for better treatment and appreciation of women athletes. There is still much improvement that can be done to the way mass media portray women. Mass media has come to influence the way society thinks in that women themselves have congregated round socially acceptable sports. Only the few who are not afraid of being dubbed masculine are able to compete in the sports where the male sex has dominated. There should be adequate measures taken to insure that future biased and stereotyped thoughts will no longer exist. Women portrayal in sports still has hope to become much more fair and with this hope comes the assurance thaw women participation in sports will also become less prejudiced and stereotyped.ReferenceHiggs, C., Weiller, K. (1994). Gender bias and the 1992 summer Olympic games an outline of television coverage. Journal of Sport and Social I ssues, 18, 234-246Hardin, M., Lynn, S., Walsdorf, K. (2005). Challenge and conformity on contested terrain images of women in foursome womens sport/fitness magazines. Sex Roles, 53(1), 105-117

Theory still have value Essay Example for Free

Theory still have value EssayJean Pia go away (1896 1980) was a constructivist theorist. He saw tikeren as constructing their possess world, playing an active part in their own development. Children ar intrinsic totallyy motivated to interact with their environment and so learn about the world they live in. Piagets insight unfastened up a new window into the inner working mind and as a resolving he carried out round remarkable studies on children that had a powerful influence on theories of child thought. This essay is going to explain the main features and principles of the Piagetian theory, how Piaget has influenced education and relate the Piagetian theory to cardinal challenging perspectives, social constructivism and connectionist modelling. Piaget saw children as constructing their own world, playing an active part in their own development, which was the bulk of his work but also believed that social context was an important feature as well. Children are intrinsica lly motivated to interact with their environment and so learn about the world they live in. Piaget believed that children had the efficiency to adapt to their environment and saw intelligence as an evolutionary process.Piaget alleged childrens thinking goes through changes at each of four stages (sensori motor, concrete operations and formal operations) of development until they can think and reason as an adult. The stages represent qualitatively different ways of thinking, are universal, and children go through each stage in the same order. According to Piaget each stage must be completed before they can run low into the next one and involving increasing levels of organisation and increasingly logical underlying structures. Piaget stated that the lower stages never disappear they become integrated into the new stage (hierarchic integration) (Inhelder and Piaget, 1958). Children themselves, through their actions on the environment, interacting with there biologically unflinchin g level of maturation, bring about the cognitive changes, which result in adult thinking.The stages theory is open to reproach as they are too rigid and neglects individual differences such as memory span, motivation and so on Piaget also underestimated the age at which children could do things. This maybe because he failed to distinguish among competence and performance. Piagets studies tested performance and then he assumed that a child who failed simply lacked the underlying cognitive structures that he believed were needed to succeed on that task.Subsequent research suggests that a child may have these competencies originally than Piaget suggested. However, simply to focus on age limits is to miss the central point of Piagets theory that universal, qualitative, biologically modulate cognitive changes occur during development. This is supported by cross-cultural research that has replicated Piagets findings (Smith et al, 1998).A positive aspect is that Piagets sight of chil dren as active constructors of their own cognitive world had considerable educational implications, with its emphasis on uncovering learning, sensitivity to childrens readiness to learn, and acceptance of individual differences. Piagets main features suggest that the piece of the teacher is to allow children to subscribe with their environment in an active way and have appropriate experiences at appropriate times so as to foster their natural capacity to learn. (Gupta and Richardson, 1995 p8) These experiences will only be effective if full broadside is taken of the childrens level of understanding. As a result Piagets psychological research has provided evidence for the Plowden report and some teachers have applied Piagets theory to their teaching methods in relation to the importance of active learning, qualitative differences between child and adult thinking, and the influence of environmental experience on development.Piagets theory is immensely rich, deep and quite often very difficult as such it resists encapsulation. However, it is possible to draw out certain themes. Piaget all the way distinguishes between development and learning, believing the former to be a spontaneous, structured whole, in contrast to the provoked, circumscribed nature of the latter. Piaget argued that there are four main factors in the development of one set of structures from another(prenominal) maturation, experience, social transmission and equilibration.Piaget devised a number of ingenious tests of thought to illustrate this style of thinking and to use up how children developed the ability to realise that there are things that do not change even when there are perceptual transformations. (Light and Oates, 1990 pg 101). He illustrated his concepts of egocentricism by using a three mountains task and conservation tasks. These studies came to the spare-time activity conclusions that children are 1) unable to conserve, 2) They are unable to reserve mental operations a nd 3) they are perceptually egocentric. When discussing Piagets experiments bionomic validity needs to be taken into account. Piaget used his own children as participants and the clinical interview method also casts doubts.Another criticism relates to the concept of biological maturation or readiness. If the development of cognitive structures is related to to maturity, then practice should not improve performance. In other words, if a person is not biologically ready to move on to the next stage then no amount of practice should get them there. However, there is evidence to suggest that practice can make a difference (Danner and Day 1977).Piaget did not deny the role of experience. He used the concept of horizontal decalage to explain why it is that not all aspects of the same stage appear at the same time for example, the ability to conserve number and slew may not appear at the same time, but one after the other. He suggested that out of true cognitive performance is probably due to different learning experiences.A third criticism relates to the role of language and social factors. Piaget did not feel that language influenced cognitive development. To incorporate these two elements researchers have elongate Piagets experiments. Margaret Donaldson (1978, as cited by Lights and Oates, p 114) argued that the real problem with the Piagetian tasks is that they are testing diembedded thinking on the part of the child they are asking the child to solve problems unrelated to the childs own knowledge and experience. A change in materials used will enable children to perform better on some tasks than on others.

The Most Dangerous Game Essay Example for Free

The Most Dangerous halting EssayThe exciting suspense of action of Richard Connells The Most Dangerous Game brings in a dark, mysterious, and corruptive setting as it takes us to a young mans storm of thoughts about the game of hunting and the understanding to survive. Rainsford was his name, and he was a proud hunter full of wit and reason. He loved hunting and did not care nor know about the feelings of the huntees. He eventually meets up with an otherwise hunter named Zaroff who gives him the feeling of organism hunted and changes his ideas of hunting. Zaroff was bored with hunting because his intelligence exceeded the animals instincts. Therefore, he set his eyes on the most hazardous hunt ever, the hunt between him and Rainsford.The suspense in this breathtaking shortstop bol angiotensin-converting enzymey is extremely principal(prenominal) because it keeps us admireing what Rainsfords and Zaroffs next moves are in the hunt. It keeps our minds active and thoughtful , feeding us with surprises and wonder. One calamity when Rainsford makes a leap for the cold waters to avoid Zaroff and the hounds shows us the surprise of the action. The second after that, we wonder if he died of loss of oxygen. Every minute, Connell brings us another little event to bring up the suspense. Without the suspense, the tarradiddle would be meaningless and boring. It would lose the audiences care and we would lose the audiences attention and probably not read it today. So the suspense is one element that holds this bilgewater together.The point of view in this story is important because it brings in the suspense, conflicts, and the characters thoughts that help us understand what is going on in the story. This omniscient point of view is what allows the pen to bring up the suspense, which is an extremely important element, as well as the external conflicts between the widely distributed and Rainsford during the hunt. If it was in the first person point of view, we do not know what is going on with cosmopolitan Zaroff. That leaves out some of the story and brings in the frustration as well as irritation. Many of the other elements such as other characters, will be much more poorer than it is right now. It is important to eat an omniscient point of view in this particular story.The deep, dark, and evil setting is another element that shows up like a diamond among other duller jewels. It shoots out the audience to another world where as adept of darkness pulls at their mind. An eerie sense of foreshadowing is hinted in the setting too. The setting is part of the stimulate suspense in the story. It captivates the audiences attention and brings them into the story. This was the intelligent of the author in my opinion. In the setting, we see the two friends as they talk of this Ship-Trap Island with the bad reputation and nights of black. It makes us wonder what this island has that is so bad and dark. Our curiosity latches onto this part of the story. That is wherefore the setting is so important.These three elements suspense, point of view, and setting, are in my opinion, the most important elements in this short story that is powerful and luring. They hold the story together and bind it to make up the story itself. Analyzing the story made it clear to me what the author used to make this story. It is a very compelling story and caught my attention right from the start. It took me away into its own world. I doubt that I will ever forget it. It is one of the most shocking stories I have ever read. The Most Dangerous Game is one story that will probably leave one dazed.

Homosexuality Essay Example for Free

Homo wakenuality Es tellIn todays purchase order quirkiness is frequently discussed and the m oral examity of being gay or not is questi 1d. Based on what culture, ethics, knowledge a person has acquired in their lifetime and how their p arnt, teacher, preacher, or early(a) type of mentor views the issue, people testament form their own beliefs closely homosexuality. Each culture has their own values regarding the appropriateness of certain types f sexuality.In Michael Levins Why Homosexuality is Abnormal, he safeifies that homosexuality is unnatural and hence undesirable- not beca hire it is vile or sinful, or because it weakens rules of order or hampers evolutionary development, just now for a purely mechanical author (290). Michael justified that homosexuality is abnormal and whence goes to state that the unhappiness of homosexuals is highly due to the misuse of embodied parts therefore, they are bound to be un felicitous. Levins thesis claims that the abnormal ity of the homosexuality does not slay them to live a desirable way of life which, I completely disagree with.In unlikeness with Levin, the use of physical parts in a homosexual relationship is not a misuse, only an alteration of give outs and the terminology of abnormal does not lead to unhappiness. Levin claims to state that the misuse of bodily parts in a homosexual relationship will lead to an undesirable and unhappy life. I will buzz off my argument with why the use of bodily parts in homosexual relationship is not misuse, but an altered function, suffer lead to a desirable and happy life. For instance, if one day LeBron James gets into a serve accident and beseems a paraplegic.His basketball career is terminated because he is paralyzed from the waist down, which sum he is not capable of using his legs ever again. His ability to walk, run, jog, jump, swim, and etc. are now vanished therefore, cause him to neer satisfy in the National Basketball Association. As time went by, he realized the unfitness to use his lower body parts in a common function was not divergence to stop him from playing basketball. LeBron decided he was going to play wheelchair basketball and continue his drive to play basketball because that is what makes him content.Through his altered body usage, LeBron learned how to maneuver and causation him to win multiple rewards in basketball. After winning multiple rewards, it made LeBron recognize that if one has the desire to be happy and saddle for their goals, than anything is possible. In the end, LeBron was just as successful using his altered body parts and the ability to function just fine like a normal gay being. In respect to LeBrons scenario, a homosexuals body parts should not be judged just because the bodily parts are altered and used not in the way that Levin expects.Levin argues that the misuse of body parts causes unfullfillment, which than lead to unhappiness. He uses the terminology of evolution as a measur ement to justify the idea that heterosexuals are normal clement beings and homosexuals as abnormal because they are incapable of reproducing offspring. Levin argues human beings accommodate penises and vaginas because our ancestors who put their penises into vaginas (or put their vaginas around penises) tended to reproduce, brief along to catch penises and vaginas and to use them in this way (302).This is what genitalia are for is what Levin said and any other uses such as homosexuals are abnormal. So, basically what Levin is trying to say is that homosexuals can never be happy because they misuse their bodily parts, which causes them to never fulfill their desires and than leads to unhappiness. In a sense, we are programmed through evolution to sleep together using our organs in evolutionarily adaptive (i. e. normal) ways (302). My theory is that homosexuals can be happy.How is Levin to judge and say that it does not fulfill their desires and makes them unhappy? Why would peop le do things to make themselves emotionally hurt or unhappy? If homosexuals partake in homosexual activities, it is because that is what makes them emotionally happy from the inside, not because to partake in activities just for the hell of it. If that is what fulfills their personal desires than there should be nothing abnormal or wrong about it. estimable because Levin does not have those personal desires does not reckon he can criticize on others about it.Levin talks a lot about evolution and how our heterosexual ancestors who had penises and vaginas passing it down for the next ancestors well, if one thinks about it homosexuals have also evolved over time too. Just because back then in night club people did not talk about it and in present-day they do, does not mean homosexuals have not been around. The fact is that it has been around just not ever mentioned. For example, talking about sex was never mentioned in the old times, but present-day people talk about it in public.Ov ertime, society has gained more knowledge, hence making people acknowledge more about homosexuality. Since, homosexuality has been here end-to-end history and continues to evolve then, Levins statement about evolution implies the same for homosexuals making them normal human beings. Levins second argument is about using the terminology abnormal when misusing sexual organs. He never gives a clear definition on what is abnormal, but only for the fact what I have mentioned above. For Levin, an employment is abnormal in the relevant sense whenever it involves using an organ for purposes for which it was not intended (302).Implying that being abnormal is when one does not use the penis to penetrate through the vagina to fertilize eggs and reproduce offsprings. If this is how society should be and if is this how these organs should be used, then why is it that heterosexuals partake in activities such as oral sex and anal sex? Levin argues that penises are for inserting into vaginas, not for inserting into mouths or other orifices vaginas are for receiving penises, not for rubbing up against other vaginas (302). This statement is being hypocritical because these are the same actions heterosexuals partake in also, making them abnormal as well.He misuses the word abnormal. The clear definition of abnormal means is extraordinary, uncommon, rare, or diametrical. If Levin is occupational group homosexuals uncommon and rare, then what makes philosophy professors common? existence a philosophy professor is uncommon in a sense that only a small minority of people do it, but it is not abnormal in Levins sense. And since majority of the heterosexual population do partake in different activities using their genitalia for other purposes, this would make them common versus uncommon. Levin last argument is about the policy issues.He is trying to say society should protect their fryren because if the legislation provided rights to the homosexuals, then children will have the odds to become a homosexual. In his argument Levin even states, If homosexuality is unnatural, legislation which raises the odds that a given child will become homosexual raised the odds that he will be unhappy (295). Legalizing homosexuality means coming to the conclusion that it is acceptable to get married to the same sexual activity and the government would have no objections against this action.If this occurred many religious practices would raise questions and make comparison to the Bible. If Levin were saying that homosexuals would cause harm to children if allowed by the government, then what would one say when children watch pornography or movies that show kissing the same gender or opposite gender? Present-day children are already watching TV shows that harm their knowledge. What residuum would it make if a child found a gay couple holding hands or kissing? Also, how much knowledge can a little child retain, they can only have minimal understanding of what is going on.In society there are other issues such as violence, murders, terrorist attacks that are more harmful to children than homosexuals being together. Levin does not stop to evaluate that continuing to degrade homosexuals and gear up them as abnormal based on their desires will continue to divide up the society causing tension to build up and unhappiness. After all the States gives the freedom to believe in ones own practices without any judgments. In disagreement to Levins argument that the abnormality of homosexuality misusing their bodily parts causing unhappiness should also take into account of policy issues in Levins statement.Being unique and different than the majority of the norm does not mean they are harmful to the community. In America people have the right to worship in whatever they believe in therefore, fulfilling ones need by misusing bodily parts does not prove they are abnormal or can lead to unhappiness. In conclusion, determining the quality of ones life is based on th e fulfilling individuals desires and a homosexual is clearly not destined to be unhappy with the abstract use of body parts. He or she can still live a happy life in altering their functions because that is what makes morally content and fulfill their personal desires.